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[학술논문] 프란츠 파농과 '민족'의 정치학
Frantz Fanon and the Politics of 'Nation'
이논문은 한국연구재단(NRF, National Research Foundation of Korea)이 지원한 연구과제( 세계화 시대의 민족주의 : 성찰과 전망 | 2001 년 협동연구지원 | 이경원(연세대학교) )의 '연구결과물' 로 제출된 자료입니다.
  • 한국연구재단 기초학문자료센터 DB구축사업 참여 관련분야 전문가가 추가 입력한 정보입니다.
학술지명 비평과 이론 (ISSN : 1598-9089)
발행정보 2004-12-31 / Vol.9 No.2 / pp. 37 ~ 67
발행처/학회 한국비평이론학회
주저자 이경원 (연세대학교)
색인어 식민주의, colonialism, 민족문화, national culture, 폭력, violence, 민족해방, national liberation, 탈식민화, decolonization, 민족부르주아지, National bourgeoisie, 민족, nation, 신인본주의, new humanism, 민족주의, nationalism
  • 주초록(메인언어)
  • Frantz Fanon has often been regarded either as a champion of Third World nationalism or as its severe critique. A meticulous reading of The Wretched of the Earth shows that both views fall to explain Fanon's ambivalent and even multivalent notion of nationalism. Fanon's concept of nation itself cannot be contained in a single category of definition, It varies depending on the context of his argument for decolonization and national liberation. On the one hand, Fanon's 'nation' refers to the state of Algeria under the French colonial domination or the subaltern class within African society which is equivalent to the Marxist notion of people. On the other hand, It extends to the continent of Africa as apposed to Europe and even to Black Diaspora and the Third World in general Fanon's 'nation' thus must be understood m terms of relational identity and dialectical process rather than unchanging essence or stationary system.
    The main target of Fanon's criticism in The Wretched of the Earth is not African nationalism as such but its bourgeois degeneration. For Fanon, the native bourgeoisie in Africa is 'a bourgeoisie in name only' and 'good for nothing' Serving the transmission line between (post)colonial African society and European capitalism, the native bourgeoisie is a greedy and voracious caste incapable of any great idea or inventiveness, 'only too glad to accept the dividends that the former colonial power hands out to it.' It is not only useless but harmful class that ought be liquidated in the process of decolonization and national liberation Instead, Fanon calls upon the subaltern class, the peasants in particular, to play the leading role of historical change because he thinks the peasants, more excluded from the advantages of colonialism, are less colonized and less Europeanized than city people Fanon also suggests the organic partnership between the peasants and the revolutionary intellectuals so that the latter might complement the ideological vulnerability and instability of the former. In this process, Fanon argues, nationalism or 'national consciousness' is a necessary means for and a transitional stage toward the ultimate goal of 'new humanism.' Though he does not endorse the essentialist notion of 'nation', he employs the discourse of nation as a double strategy of fighting with African tribalism and European colonialism. As far as colonialism lasts on the earth, Fanon concludes, it is too early to claim the differences and diversity within the nation or to seek a universal and cosmopolitan value beyond the nation.
  • 메타작성자초록
  • 이 글은 후기 파농의 대표저서인 『대지의 저주받은 자들』에서 파농이 제시한 이중의 탈식민화가 어떻게 구현되는지, 그리고 그의 민족문화론과 민족해방론이 우리 시대에 무슨 의미와 효과를 지닐 수 있는지를 되새겨본다.
  • 목차
  • 1. 탈식민화와 폭력
    2. 민족주의의 양가성
    3. 민족문화의 역사성
    4. 세계화 시대의 민족주의
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