The theme of this research is risk of the Emperor system and cultural imagination. The reason that I have chosen such theme of research is that a political event of the risk of the Emperor system not simply ended up falling down to a political even, b ...
The theme of this research is risk of the Emperor system and cultural imagination. The reason that I have chosen such theme of research is that a political event of the risk of the Emperor system not simply ended up falling down to a political even, but it brought out great sensation throughout the society and culture as well. In particular, the consciousness of risk resulted from the Uprising of Jokyu had deep influence on creation of warfare stories such as 『Heikemonogatari』. As seen from above, I have made various discourses about the Emperor system poured after the Uprising of Jokyu a starting point of my research. This research is featured in cubic illumination of Japan in the 13th century by closely reviewing social and cultural sensation triggered by a political event, in particular, the courses of restructuring through literary systemization. In addition, while taking a whole consideration of the risk of the Emperor system of the 13th century, I have tried to look into how the same event started to be illuminated as the time went by and make a diachronic review of it by analyzing successive historic books and literary works.
In this research, I have taken into consideration of crack in the Divinity Country philosophy based upon the responsibility for losing the war. The Divinity Country philosophy that the emperor, an offspring of Amaterasuokami rule the Japanese Islands counts on the Divinity of the emperor. The failure of the Uprising of Jokyu of the 13th century, however, gave them a moment to criticize whether the emperor, who had been regarded the Divine, had the virtue or not as a ruler. This kind of negative view about Gotobain was only extended to Gotobain himself, not meaning whole negativism about the Emperor system. This was deemed a desperate countermeasure to explain failure of the Emperor system while maintaining the framework of the Emperor system. Such criticism about Gotobain, on the other hand, happened to change because of death of the Emperor Shijo in a way. An offspring of Gotobain became an emperor again, bad criticism about Gotobain disappeared and changed into an image of a sage emperor giving a just rule.
『Heikemonogatari』, which was created and mobilized in the center of rapidly changing politics in the 13th century, have recreated assessment of Gotobain and the Uprising of Jokyu in his own unique structure. 『Heikemonogatari』 also criticized Gotobain for lack of virtue as a ruler. Bad reputation about Gotobain, however, didn't dominate the whole story, and it described the Uprising of Jokyu in the structure of revengeful spirit discourse and deemed the Uprising of Jokyu as a will of a revengeful spirit of Mongaku, not a subjective will of Gotobain. In short, individual vindictive spirit of Mongaku and Gotobain gave birth to that of Mongaku, giving rising to the Uprising of Jokyu due to activity of its spirit. He emphasized personal revenge between Gotobain and Mongaku, on the other hand, he didn't mention anything about Gotobain's will to crack down on shogunate. Further, this kind of act by the spirit of Mongaku can be described as act to keep the divine throne. The peculiarity how 『Heikemonogatari』understands the Uprising of Jokyu lies in the fact of the interpretation that the spirit Mongaku triggered the Uprising of Jokyu to bring Gotobain down out of the throne who was deemed not natured to the throne of the Emperor.