Natsume Soseki’s perspective on profession is clearly depicted in his 1911 speech “Pleasure and Profession,” that he delivered in Akashi city. There are numerous studies on Soseki’s real life perspective on profession based on his speech. However, it ...
Natsume Soseki’s perspective on profession is clearly depicted in his 1911 speech “Pleasure and Profession,” that he delivered in Akashi city. There are numerous studies on Soseki’s real life perspective on profession based on his speech. However, it is difficult to find works that analyze his perspectives on profession in relation to the characteristics of profession during the Meiji and the Taisho periods or in relation to the professions of the characters that appear in his novels.
Therefore, this study will examine the characteristics of profession during the Meiji and Taisho periods and also study the occupations of the male and female characters in his serial newspaper novels “Gubizinsou”(1907)~“Meian”(1916). The research conclusions and analyses up to date are as follows.
In the early Meiji and Taisho periods, there was a diversification and specialization of professions that occurred in accordance with the rapidly changing social scene. To receive higher education and emerge into the bureaucratic society or into leading the industrial force was the privilege of the nobility, the elite, and the very few wealthy commoners. For this reason, there was a natural formation of social classes. Thus, these were times when the society’s populous commoner could not enjoy the freedom and equality that the new age supported in regards to education and choice of profession.
Through his speech, Soseki professed to the young about the attitude of approaching a profession. Upon studying the professions of the male characters that appear in his serial newspaper novels, which undoubtedly are conscious of the general public, it can be seen that the professions are largely classified into the idle intelligentsia, the student, and the professor. One can say that the professions are very restricted. His characters tend to have a stable economic foundation and are usually elites that have received even university educations. Therefore, his characters are in a position to become key players within society. Yet, his characters choose to stay adrift from reality by either vehemently criticizing reality or being in shocking stupor regarding the presented reality. His characters all have social statuses and professions thatprevent them from actively cooperating within society. His characters could have been depicted to have the freedom to choose ‘the work that they enjoy’ and represent those that work from ‘self-determination.’ However, Soseki intentionally details their lives and futures to be rather dark.
Soseki’s female characters, who all seem to have quite a strong influence on the male characters, are not unemployed nor are imbued with the household duties as their professions. His females only act as if they abide by the time’s social expectations for an ideal woman, which was to become the ideal wife and mother by solely aiming for marriage as the goal of life following proper education from a girl’s school. Even the so-called modern women with economic independence seem to be ultimately interested in marriage, and for women who do not have anyone or anywhere to turn to, men are the only source upon which they can find comfort. That is, it can be said that the stereotype on women and the negative perspectives on female independence are implied through Soseki’s unemployed female characters.
Thus, Soseki’s, who’s works represent the time and whoprominently stands as the modern literary giant and critique, is actually restricted to a viewpoint that is partial to the privileged class that he was a part of. His perspectives did not encompass the populous common citizens who were largely working in the agricultural and industrial arenas.
Future studies will focus on Soseki’s perspective on profession and analyze his characters through the keyword ‘self-determination.’