Recently, the importance of organizational justice has been emphasized for efficient management of sport organization. While many previous studies regarding the role of organizational justice have been attempted, in fact, there were no studies focusin ...
Recently, the importance of organizational justice has been emphasized for efficient management of sport organization. While many previous studies regarding the role of organizational justice have been attempted, in fact, there were no studies focusing on organizational justice that is closely related to motivation of college student-athletes as well as there was little research on organizational justice of college student-athletes and their relationships with the attitude and behavior of a sports team represented by organizational citizenship behavior, counterproductive work behavior, innovation resistance, and athlete dropout intention.
In addition, previous studies revealed that there were partial and/or individual relationships among them. Little attention has been paid to organizational justice of college student-athletes and no studies collectively investigate the relationships among them.
Furthermore, this study is needed to provide useful and valuable information and various implications for the managers of college sport teams to effectively manage their athletes that are the most important human resource in the management of sports teams. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine (1) the relationships among organizational justice, organizational citizenship behavior, counterproductive work behavior, innovation resistance, and athlete dropout intention, (2) the mediating effect of organizational citizenship behavior, counterproductive work behavior, and innovation resistance in the relationship between organizational justice and athlete dropout intention, and (3) the moderating effect of the characteristics of sports in the relationships among them.
The most important part of the content of this study is the establishment of the research hypotheses. The research hypotheses pertaining to the causal relationships among factors are set up on the theoretical basis of previous studies in various disciplines. The hypotheses are as follows.
H1: Organizational justice of college student-athlete positively contributes to OCB.
H1-1: Distributive justice positively contributes to OCB.
H1-2: Procedural justice positively contributes to OCB.
HI-3: Interactional justice positively contributes to OCB.
H2: Organizational justice of college student-athlete negatively contributes to CWB.
H2-1: Distributive justice negatively contributes to CWB.
H2-2: Procedural justice negatively contributes to CWB.
H2-3: Interactional justice negatively contributes to CWB.
H3: Organizational justice of college student-athlete negatively contributes to innovation resistance.
H3-1: Distributive justice negatively contributes to innovation resistance.
H3-2: Procedural justice negatively contributes to innovation resistance.
H3-3: Interactional justice negatively contributes to innovation resistance.
H4: Organizational justice of college student-athlete negatively contributes to athlete dropout intention.
H4-1: Distributive justice negatively contributes to athlete dropout intention.
H4-2: Procedural justice negatively contributes to athlete dropout intention.
H4-3: Interactional justice negatively contributes to athlete dropout intention.
H5: OCB negatively contributes to athlete dropout intention.
H6: CWB positively contributes to athlete dropout intention.
H7: Innovation Resistance positively contributes to athlete dropout intention.
H8: There is the mediating effect of OCB, CWB, and innovation resistance in the relationship between organizational justice and athlete dropout intention.
H9: There is the moderating effect of the characteristics of sports in the relationship among them.
In order to accomplish this study, total 220 questionnaires were distributed to college student-athletes at the universities with use of a convenient sampling method. 212 usable questionnaires were available because eight questionnaires were excluded that were not inappropriate. Data was analyzed with frequency analysis, correlation analysis, and Cronback's α analysis using PASW 21.0 version. Then, measurement model and structural model were analyzed through AMOS 21.0. The goodness of model fit should be χ2 / df less than 3, GFI greater than .90, NFI greater than .90, CFI greater than .90, and RMSEA less than .080. Construct validity was examined through confirmatory factor analysis and the research hypotheses verify the statistical significance of the path coefficients derived from the structural equation modeling analysis.
The results of this study indicated that (1) there was no relationship among distributive justice, OCB, CWB, innovation resistance, and athlete dropout intention, (2) procedural justice had a significant impact on OCB, CWB, and athlete dropout intention. However, procedural justice didn't contribute to innovation resistance, (3) there was the relationship between interactional justice and OCB. However, interactional justice didn't had contribute to CWB, innovation resistance, and athlete dropout intention, (4) OCB and CWB had a significant impact on athlete dropout intention. However, there was no relationship between innovation resistance and athlete dropout intention, (5) there existed the full mediating effect of OCB and CWB in the relationship between procedural justice and athlete dropout intention, (6) there existed the partial mediating effect of OCB in the relationship between interactional justice and athlete dropout intention, and (7) there existed the moderating effect of characteristics of sports in the relationship among them.