Large-scale migration, especially that transcends national boundaries, is one of the most important images that mark our time. Most globally rich countries have experienced rapid increase in immigrants, who now occupy a considerable portion of the who ...
Large-scale migration, especially that transcends national boundaries, is one of the most important images that mark our time. Most globally rich countries have experienced rapid increase in immigrants, who now occupy a considerable portion of the whole population in each country. Korea is not an exception. According to the statistics of the Ministry of Public Administration and Security, the number of foreign residents living in Korea as of July 2011 is 1,265,006, taking up 2.5% of the whole resident-registered population in Korea. This number has increased over 10% compared to the previous year, which indicates that Korea is also quickly entering into a multicultural society.
If the scope is limited to multicultural “adolescents” in the age of middle-school students or older out of multicultural children and adolescents, the profile becomes a little different. This is because the history of marital-immigrant women is relatively recent, and thus most children born in marital-immigrant families are currently preschool children or elementary school students. According to the 2010 statistics of the Ministry of Public Administration and Security, school-aged multicultural children and adolescents consist of 78.6%(23,602) elementary-school students, 16.0%(4,814) middle-school students, and 5.4%(1,624) high-school students, which reflects such phenomenon. The group that takes up a great part of multicultural middle- and high-school students, which take up 21.4% of the total multicultural children and adolescents, is immigrant adolescents along with children born in marital-immigrant families.
Immigrant adolescents in Korea are a group of people formed based on Korea’s unique foreign workers policy. Korea allows foreign workers who have specialized jobs to enter the country with their families, but does not allow simple unskilled workers to do the same. Therefore, unlike many other countries, there are not many foreign worker households in family units in Korea. In Korea where unskilled foreign workers are prohibited from migrating with their families, most immigrant adolescents are either children brought from the native countries of foreign workers migrated to Korea and remarried to Korean spouses, or adolescents who are children of international marriages who had grown up in the native countries of the foreign parents and then reentered Korea (Jang & Song, 2011). In the view of cross-national comparison, immigrant adolescents are a unique group among all the adolescents of immigrants in Korea.
This research project aimed to explore the experiences of immigrant adolescents settled down in Korea. In order to accomplish the study objectives, the study was designed to combine two different types of qualitative data collection methods. First we conducted in-depth interviews with the 26 immigrant adolescents and 28 service providers. Second, we also completed the photovoice projects with 11 immigrant youths. Photovoice is the data collection method, which has not yet been introduced to Korea. In Photovoice, the study participants take pictures relevant to the topic they choose and convey their messages through visual images. Photovoice is a powerful method in that participants actively participate in the study and tell their own stories from the participants' perspectives. It is a very appropriate method for the novel topic such as immigrant youths in Korea.
Results from the three different data sources indicate that challenges that the immigrant youths confront were found in the multi-layers of environment surrounding them. Issues of language, new families, and school adjustments were complexly interwoven. Second, in understanding their ethnic identities, self-evaluation, bases of evaluation, feelings towards their ethnic groups, stages of their identity exploration, involvement with cultural activities were all important dimensions in understanding the adolescents' ethnic identity development. Based on the findings from the program of research, we expect that the studies contribute for developing Korean policy and intervention programs to enhance adjustments among the adolescents immigrated to Korea.