1. Research Accomplishments of the First Year (2011.11.01~2012.10.31)
The main topic of the first-year research is Family Culture, and the sub-topics are Parents and Children, Marriage, Marital relationship, Divorce and Remarriage, and Inheritance.
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1. Research Accomplishments of the First Year (2011.11.01~2012.10.31)
The main topic of the first-year research is Family Culture, and the sub-topics are Parents and Children, Marriage, Marital relationship, Divorce and Remarriage, and Inheritance.
For the purpose of enhancing understanding on Fatwa, we introduced the concepts of ‘Fatwa’, ‘Ifta’’, ‘Mufti’, and ‘Four Schools of Islamic Law’ before we began the research.
1.1 For ‘Fatwas’ related to Marriage, we referred to Engagement, Fundamental Requirements of Valid Marriage, Conditional Marriage, Nullification of Marriage, Types of Marriage, Rights and Duties of Married Couples. Also we elaborated on Ways of Polygamy and Rights and Duties of Married Couples. In addition, we explained Marriages Allowed and Forbidden in Islam, Legal Position of ‘Customary, Common Law’ Marriage (Zawâj `Urfî), Contents of Marital Contracts, Conditions of Polygamy, Marriage with non-Muslim, Engagement and Wedding Gifts, Proper Range of Dowry(Mahr), and Legal Marital Conditions.
1.2 For ‘Fatwas’ related to Divorce, we included Rights to Divorce between Male and Female, Types of Divorce, Maximum Number of Divorce, ‘Idda(Forbidding of Remarriage), and others such as Mahr, Duty of Support for Male, Child Support Expense, Living Expense, Atonement for Remarriage. Also we elaborated on Rights to Divorce and the types of them, and compared Divorce in Muslim Community and that of Korean Community.
1.3 For ‘Fatwas’ related to Inheritance, we mentioned Conditions of Inheritance and Those Eligible for it, and introduced Laws of Inheritance Mentioned in Qur’an. Also we elaborated on Rights of the Legal Heir and their Share of Inheritance, Patrilineal Inheritor and those Excluded from the Inheritance.
In addition, we translated and attached Personal Law of Jordan to enhance understanding on interpreting Fatwa based on Sharia, and relation between Fatwa and Personal Law, which is a positive law.
2. Research Accomplishments of the Second Year (2012.11.01~2013.10.31)
In second year, we studied Fatwas related to Social Life in Islamic Community. We elaborated on the Characteristics of Islamic Community, Status of Fatwa in Islamic Community, Effect of Fatwa on the Community, and Roles and Functions of Mufti.
2.1. For ‘Fatwas’ related to Social Life, we described Fatwa related to External Relations between Individuals, such as Friendship, School Activities, Life at Work, Activities in Social Group, Drinking Occasions, Homosexual Relationship, Deception, Slander and Scam. Also we explained Halal and Haram, Life at Work for Females, Islamic Social Manners, Hijab – to Protect Females or to repress them, and Changed Consciousness and Customs of Muslim Females. Topics of interest here are Online Activities in some Gulf Countries, Activities on Social Networking Sites(SNS), Cyber Crime, and Pornographic Site.
2.2. For ‘Fatwas’ related to Religious Life, we focused on Reality of Islam perceived in Muslims’ Life.
2.3. For ‘Fatwas’ related to Medical Culture, we elaborated on Medical and Funeral Culture of Muslims to help understanding on Expanding Service Infrastructure which is required in Korean Society, with gradual increase in numbers of foreign patients coming to Korea. Also, we included Various Characteristics and Forms of Islamic World, in the field of Arts, Sports, and Gender Culture.
2.4. For ‘Fatwas’ related to Arts and Culture, we elucidated Media and Photograph, Film and Performance, Music, Festival, Sports, Entertainment and Gambling. In this sector, we studied Fatwas of moderate view since they varied from (Islamic law) school to school.
2.5. For ‘Fatwas’ related to Culture of Community, we elaborated on Fatwas related to , National Holiday Events, Holidays, Celebration of Birthday and a Birth(to a baby), Using Firecrackers , using the Lunar Calendar, Tip, Pork Feedstuff, Pesticide, Livestock Breeding, and Political Inclination.
3. Research Accomplishments of the Third Year (2013.11.01~2014.10.31)
The main topic of the third-year research is Culture in Business Transactions, and the sub-topics are Forms of Contracts such as Mudaraba and Murabaha. Riba Bank, Islamic Investment, Deferred Payment Transactions, Lease, Online Transactions, Real Estate, Insurance, Takaful, Iqalah, and Islamic Mortgage.
3.1. For Fatwas related to Business Transactions in Chapter 1, we elaborated on basic forms of Muslims’ business transactions, such as Mudaraba, Murabaha, Muzaraa’, Auction, Contract, Tawarruq, and Credit Transactions.
3.2. For Fatwas related to ‘Riba’ in Chapter 2, we included Riba, which is prohibited in business transactions of Muslims, Riba bank, Installment Interest, and Islamic Investment. Especially, taking into account that Riba is prohibited in Qur’an, which serves as a bais of every judgment made in Muslim community, we attached relevant verses from Qur’an and Hadith.
3.3. For Fatwas related to ‘Deferred Payment Transactions’ in Chapter 3, we elaborated on Salam(Credit Transactions), Istisna’a, Lease, Sales, Online Transactions, and Shufa’(Preemptive Rights).
3.4. For Fatwas related to ‘Real Estate’ in Chapter 4, we focused on Lease and Badal Kulu. Especially, we concentrated on Leasing Workshop related directly or indirectly to Business which is against the rules of Sharia.
3.5. For Fatwas related to ‘Insurance’ in Chapter 5, we focused on Life Insurance, Automobile Insurance, and Takaful. Takaful, which is a mutual aid fund for Muslims, is a system to pursue public good and realize caring for the weak, is also considered as a virtue of Muslim community with Waqf, fund of religious institutions. In addition, we compared Commercial Insurance with Takaful, and elaborated on similarities and differences between them.
3.6. For Fatwas related to Others in Chapter 6, we included Iqalah, Free Gifts, Futures Trading, Hwanchigi Transactions(converting currencies illegally), Islamic Investment, and Islamic Mortgage. Especially, the beginning of Islamic Mortgage traces back to pre-Islamic period, so we elucidated Mortgage Transactions between the Prophet Muhammad and the Jews, as mentioned in Hadith. Also, we inferred and demonstrated Muslims’ Awareness of Culture in Business Transactions.