This study aims to look into the contents and characteristics of the international tributary relations that the Northern Sung as a Chinese dynasty had, with about 40 countries, from the 10th to the middle of the 12th century. I analyzed chinese histor ...

This study aims to look into the contents and characteristics of the international tributary relations that the Northern Sung as a Chinese dynasty had, with about 40 countries, from the 10th to the middle of the 12th century. I analyzed chinese historical records which show the basic forms and characteristics of Sung's tributary relations, because the term 'tributary relations' can be interpreted in various ways. Also, there is a lack of Korean related materials.
First, I researched about 40 countries that paid tributes to Sung. I found out that the intentions of tributes from them were different. Some countries had a sovereign and subject relationship with Sung, so they can truly be regarded as tributary countries. On the other hand, others were treated as tributary countries even though they had a simple interchange with Sung without the tributary relation. In other words, there were cases in which the delegation that the other country sent, without the intention of tributes, was accepted as a tribute by Sung, and in which a merchant as an individual tried to do commerce with Sung under the guise of tributes. These cases serve an important clue to understand the intentions of the tributary countries and Sung's idea about tributary relations at that time.
In another aspect, I analyzed 1100 specific cases or so in the related materials, in order to find out how the tributary relations of that time had actually been developed. I classified their characteristics by type and looked into how the distribution of tributes by time was associated with international relations. As a result, I found out that most of the tributary relations were made by some special countries while others paid their tributes to Sung at most once every three years, or only during a certain period.
Also, when the changes of tributary relations are plotted on a graph, the rises and falls of the curve are drawn repeatedly at a certain point, which suggests that these changes have a subtle relationship with the changes of Sung's important international relations.
The results of this study could be a chance to invigorate the studies on the international relations of China and Eastern Asia. Judging from the present situation that no model about the international relations in the Eastern Asia during the Sung era has yet been suggested, this study will allow the history of Eastern Asia to be diachronically reorganized, and will suggest a possible model about the international relations in the Eastern Asia during the Sung era. As it is, a lot of studies on the contents and characteristics of the tributary system have been done by time, from the Jin and Han Era to the modern age of China, while those during the Sung era seem to have been neglected. Accordingly, this study should contribute to diachronically connecting the international relations of Eastern Asia.

중간발표 보고서
중간발표 내용
중간발표 내용
중간발표 증빙자료
朝貢關係를 中心으로 본 宋代의 國際秩序
연구결과 개요보고서
연구요약문(국문)
연구요약문(중문)
연구 결과 보고서
朝貢關係를 中心으로 본 宋代의 國際秩序

중간발표 보고서
중간발표 내용
중간발표 내용
중간발표 증빙자료
朝貢關係를 中心으로 본 宋代의 國際秩序
연구결과 개요보고서
연구요약문(국문)
연구요약문(중문)
연구 결과 보고서
朝貢關係를 中心으로 본 宋代의 國際秩序