‘Seomin’, a specific socio-economic group in the society, is not the new vocabulary in South Korea, but it has been frequently used in recent years. In this context, this research aims to identify the collective nature of Seomin, to analyze its imp ...
‘Seomin’, a specific socio-economic group in the society, is not the new vocabulary in South Korea, but it has been frequently used in recent years. In this context, this research aims to identify the collective nature of Seomin, to analyze its implications on class/socio-economic status theories, and finally to discuss the implication of social integration. During the two-year research, the research team has intensively reviewed relevant academic literature, newspaper articles from the early 20th century, president’s speeches, and government documents. In order to identify the collective nature of Seomin, the nation-wide survey was conducted in which randomly selected 1,500 people responded. Further, in-depth qualitative interviews with 25 carefully selected interviewees were also implemented in order to deepen the knowledge of Seomin’s identity and their experiences.
As a result of reviewing newspaper articles and president speeches, Seomin has been frequently used from the 1960s when South Korea started industrializing itself. Also, the term was intensively used in the times of economic crisis or recessions, e.g. late 1970s or late 1990s and after 2008, in particular. It is notable that the usage of Seomin was strongly correlated with the living price or housing price before the 1990s, but it has been strongly correlated with the inequality level afterwards.
There is no consensus about the scope of Seomin, but according to the survey, respondents answered that Seomin’s socio-economic status was located from 3 to 5 when 1 means the lowest and 10 means the highest. Among the total respondents, 75% answered they were ‘Seomin’ whereas only 18% identified themselves as the middle class, 6% answered ‘the poor’. From the further analysis, it was found that Seomin had many distinctive features different from the middle class and the poor. Its socio-economic status including income, house ownership, and education etc was between the middle class and the poor. It proves that Seomin is the independent and distinct socio-economic group/class.
However, Seomin has some overlapped features partly with the poor and partly with the middle class. It is well reflected in their perception on social groups and welfare policy. For example, Seomin’s gender norm and perception on migrants were similar to the ‘open-minded’ middle class, but their welfare attitudes were near to those of the poor. They were likely to support welfare expansion but to be very reluctant to tax increase, which was also found among the poor.
According to the qualitative analysis as well as the quantitative analysis, Seomin is not the homogeneous group. Seomin seems to have different sub-groups, qualitatively different from one another. Therefore, as Seomin is becoming the larger group and important in policy discourses, it is important to understand Seomin’s distinct feature as the collective group, but also crucial to understand their heterogeneity inside. The better understanding of Seomin could enhance the quality of relevant policies and also social integration.