Recently, a discussion on fair society is being formed based on the desire for an idealistic society and criticism on the unfair reality, and a fair tourism movement is appearing in the tourism sector as well.
In light of the desire and increased int ...
Recently, a discussion on fair society is being formed based on the desire for an idealistic society and criticism on the unfair reality, and a fair tourism movement is appearing in the tourism sector as well.
In light of the desire and increased interest on fair tourism, as one phenomenon of tourism, a systematic understanding on such is necessary. To do such, academic discussion on fair tourism tourists is necessary, and above all, there is a need to examine the essence of tourism behavior allowing to understand the needs of fair tourism consumers. This research sought to investigate the tourism behavioral structure of fair tourism participants based on Theory of Planned Behavior ('TPB') developed and planned by Aizen & Fishbein(1980) in order to investigate the essence of fair tourism behavior
The detailed research objectives are as follows.
First, the deduction of a level of fair tourism recognition attributes through in-depth interviews.
Second, the investigation of the relationship between the level of composition of planned behavioral theory and fair tourism recognition attributes deducted.
In order to achieve such research objective, an empirical survey was conducted together over fair tourism tourists and in-depth interview over fair tourism experts. In order to figure out the recognition level of fair tourism, an in-depth interview was conducted from October 4, 2013 to November 22, 2013, and an empirical survey was conducted from February 15, 2014 to April 20, 2014 on weekends and holidays at Cheongsando, Jeollanamdo and Jirisan Dullegil.
The fair tourism awareness through the in-depth interviews was classified into ‘economic based awareness, nature based awareness, and social based awareness.’ A survey was conducted based on the main variables(attitude, perceived behavioral control, subjective regulations, and behavioral intent on fair tourism etc.) of planned behavioral theory and classified fair tourism awareness categories. A total of 251 survey responses, excluding 29 non-diligent responses, among a total of 280 responses collected, were utilized in the final statistical analysis.
First of all, an exploratory factor analysis on each variable was conducted, and as a result, subjective regulations, perceived behavioral control, attitude, and behavioral intent were classified as single factors, and fair tourism awareness was classified into three factors, which were each named as ‘social/cultural awareness,’ ‘natural/environmental awareness,’ and ‘economical awareness.’ A confirmative factor analysis was conducted over these five variables, and as a result, the five variables all were confirmed to satisfy the goodness index.
Based on such result, the suitability of the model of this research was verified. As a result, the chi-square method appeared to be 803.918, degree of freedom as 387, value of chi-square method/degree of freedom as 2.077, GFI as .820, AGFI as .784, RMR as .061, NFI as .841, CFI as .910, and Delta2 IFI as .911, thus, the research model was confirmed to be suitable.
In the verification of the research hypothesis, it appeared that social/cultural awareness has a meaningful effect on attitude in the relationship between fair tourism awareness and attitude, however, economic awareness and natural/environmental awareness did not affect attitude. In addition, in the relationship between fair tourism awareness and subjective regulations, natural/environmental awareness and social/cultural awareness was confirmed to have effect on subjective regulations, however, economic awareness did not have effect. In the relationship between fair tourism awareness and perceived behavioral control, the economic awareness, natural/environmental awareness, and social/cultural awareness all appeared to have effect on the perceived behavioral control.
Subsequently, in the relationship between behavioral control perceived regarding fair tourism and behavioral intent, the perceived behavioral control, subjective regulation, and attitude all were confirmed to have effect on behavioral intent.
In the relationship between awareness on fair tourism and behavioral intent, it was confirmed that economic awareness and natural/environmental awareness had effect on behavioral intent, but social/cultural awareness did not have such effect. Thus, the indirect effect was verified by having the perceived behavioral control factors between social/cultural awareness and behavioral intent, and as a result, social/cultural awareness was confirmed to have no mediating effect on the perceived behavioral control with behavioral intent. Besides such, the difference in awareness on the behavioral structure between the groups participating once or more or groups participating for the first time regarding fair tourism was verified. As a result, it was confirmed that there was no difference between the awareness of the two groups.
As such, this research examined the truth by applying the expanded planned behavioral theory to fair tourism. The result and application possibility of the behavioral structure of fair tourism regarding planned behavioral theory was confirmed.
If our society had valued personal happiness before 2000, the opinion to aim the justice and happiness of the social community is becoming higher. Because the role of fair tourism is increasing along with this trend, there is a need to perceive fair tourism as a new paradigm of tourism and to newly review such.
As a result, this research has academic meaning by approaching through a concrete fair tourism sector instead of the existing normative fair tourism research, and is meaningful in the sense that it prepared a basis for systematic understanding on fair tourism.
Lastly, as the fair tourism market is increasing in Korea, this research may be utilized as the basis data to form sound growth of the domestic fair tourism market through continuous discussions between future scholars.