This study was investigation the effects of learners' and Heritage language learning on Japanese multicultural children (1st year study, 3rd year study) and Japanese school children (2nd year study) in general elementary school.
The following conclu ...
This study was investigation the effects of learners' and Heritage language learning on Japanese multicultural children (1st year study, 3rd year study) and Japanese school children (2nd year study) in general elementary school.
The following conclusions can be drawn about Heritage language learning and learner factors. It is an analysis of Japanese multicultural children. The acquisition of Heritage language (Japanese language) did not have much relation to the acquisition of the Heritage language in the area surrounding the child in terms of 'region' 'gender' 'grade' `parents' 'nationality' 'brother`s number`. More importantly, the environment in which the mother, father, brother, and friend communicate in Japanese was important. Especially, even if the child is good at Japanese until entering the elementary school, Heritage language learning the of the child has declined when the time for Korean conversation increases due to the 'convenience of communication' such as school homework or correspondence. In Japanese multicultural families, Japanese elementary school using winter vacation was used as a method of Heritage language education. They spent two or three consecutive short-term study abroad, and succeeded in Heritage language acquiring classes as a result of the termination study of third year. And these children were feeling 'proud of themselves who are good at Japanese' 'joy of communicating with relatives and Japanese friends'. However, more than half of the children who have not studied abroad have succeeded in learning Japanese. It is confirmed that Japanese parents consciously make the home environment using Japanese, and this is an important Heritage language learning factor of successive learning.
In 2014 (the first-year study) when the children who were question investigation and interviewed again in 2017 (the third-year study) for the change of Heritage language learning. The most remarkable result of the survey was about the four functions of language. 'Speaking' and 'Listening' had a very high acquisition rate, but 'Reading' was the lowest among the four functions of language. 'Writing' had a better acquisition rate than 'Reading', but the acquisition rate was not better than 'Listening' or 'Speaking'. This shows that the Heritage language learning improves in the order of 'Listening' - 'Speaking' - 'Writing' - 'Reading'. However, the results of this study are different from the results of the first year study that children were most difficult to' write '. As a result of interviews, 'writing' was a difficult process in learning letters. 'Reading' was a difficulty for a Chinese character that had not yet been learned, irrespective of the will of the person, such as a book or the Internet. Also, 'listening' was the highest rate of acquisition over time. This is because, as the child grows up, more opportunities to see Japanese language through such as YouTube videos rather than the surrounding Japanese language. And successive Japanese short-term studying experiences influenced the learning of 'listening' and 'speaking'.
Next, it is a study on the acquisition of the Heritage language (Korean) of the Japanese school children who have a lot of Japanese exposure. The biggest difference between Japanese family children and Japanese multicultural family children was the existence of Korean language system and the necessity of Korean language acquisition. The number of Japanese residents staying in Korea was less than three years in less than one year, which was significantly shorter than that of Japanese multicultural families. In addition, Japanese family children have been living in a Korean space in a short Korean system. And most of life belonged to the Japanese community, and it was on the extension of life in Japan. This has been an obstacle to Korean language acquisition of Japanese family children. They were also thinking about coming back to Japan and going to Japanese schools in the future. Therefore, even during my stay in Korea, I was attending a private institute related to the Japanese language course, and this was affecting my success in Korean language acquisition. And it was connected with low score in 'Do not speak Korean' with 'Dad · Mom · Brother in Korean'. Nonetheless, there were 27.4% of Japanese family children who said they were successful in learning Korean. These were children who learned a Korean tutor separately. Most of the children of Japanese multicultural families are children who are not only proficient in Japanese but also good Heritage language (Korean) in their long stay in Korea. Most of these children were also considering returning to Japan in the future. These were the positive factors of acquiring Korean by 'talking with dad, mother, brother' in Korean. Also, 'praise for Korean ability' 'interest in Korean drama and culture' and 'interest in foreign culture' were positive factors for acquiring Heritage languages.
The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors of learners' Heritage languages learning and learners of Japanese multicultural family children in Japanese elementary schools and Japanese multicultural families in Japanese elementary schools by using ratio analysis, crossover analysis, factor analysis, and response analysis (T-test). Based on these results, factor analysis was conducted to find out which factors act in common and influence the acquisition of Heritage languages. The results are presented as first factor, second factor and third factor. As a result, we extracted only the main common factors influencing for the Heritage languages learning in these clusters that with the using effort, Korea-japan relation, application. In 'use effort' 'self-learning' 'praise for Japanese ability' 'thinking about wanting to be good at Japanese like mother', and 'helping Japanese to gain employment in the future' have positive effects on children's Heritage languages learning. However, it was negatively influenced by 'not being able to speak Korean' because 'school study is important, so there is no time for Heritage languages learning'. In relation to 'Korea-Japan relations' 'I do not want my mother to be known to be a Japanese in the public field', 'Mother's use of Japanese in the public field is curtailed', 'Korean-Japanese relations are common among parents' The level of education for teasing was a positive factor in acquiring Heritage languages. In terms of 'utilization' 'being displeased when speaking in Japanese' 'speaking with dad in Korean' 'talking with mother in Korean' 'talking with a brother in Korean' was a positive factor. On the other hand, "I want to be good at other languages than Japanese" was a negative factor. The purpose of this study is to find out in acquiring Heritage languages what kind of factors the children of multicultural families in Japan learn by their parents' values, lifestyle and social environment. As a result of the factor analysis, it was found that not only the definition domain but also the social domain were important in acquiring Heritage languages. And most importantly, parents should educate their children on the level of their child's work, tell them how to cope with teasing caused by the relationship between Korea and Japan, and create an environment using to the Heritage languages for in the home I was trying.
In such an environment, the child has the pleasure of communicating and with the self-esteem by Heritage languages as well as acquiring Heritage languages, and consequently it can be concluded that positive effects can be expected from 'social adaptation' or 'human formation'.