According to the recent report by OECD, the result has been revealed that the poverty rate of the population above 65 in Korea is the highest among the its members. In many cases of the developed countries the poverty rate of the aged people appears ...
According to the recent report by OECD, the result has been revealed that the poverty rate of the population above 65 in Korea is the highest among the its members. In many cases of the developed countries the poverty rate of the aged people appears after the countries which have gotten into the super-aged society past the aged society have established such measures as old age insurance benefits in the level of nation-wide, personal pensions, and retirement pensions, which are protective steps. However, the poverty rate of the aged people is much serious in Korea, compared with the members of OECD in that it is almost impossible to regain a job at the present period of the continuously long depression of economy and retirement becomes automatically connected to the loss of income.
Henceforth, the poverty rate will turn out to be difficult challenges for a nation or individuals to solve in terms of the fact that there is no way for the baby-boomers to accommodate or accumulate the enough money for the economic livelihood of their later lives if and when they are getting retired in earnest. In the aged and low birth-rate society, as the aged people increases, resulting in the decline of the production and the debilitation of the production-possible population, the rate of growth in economy will be slowed down. Worst of all, while there turns up the shortage of workforce for productions, the ratio which the aged people who need to be provided for account for rises and thus the financial burdensome of the government for supporting the aged people will inevitably become heavy.
Nowadays, given that the low-birth rate is implicated with the decrease of the production-possible population because of the retirement of the baby-boomers who had taken the initials of the development of our country, it gets recognized as the acutely societal problems that a welfare policy for the elderly which involves the input of the enormous time and cost should be implemented to dissolve the speedy aging. There emerges the analysis that, as long as the current welfare policies aimed at the aged population are continued, our society will run out of the national pension in 2050, which fact is perceived as worries that are unsolvable in the coming dark future to the prospective retirees who think the pension as the foundation of their later lives.
The economic problems of the later lives are pointed up as a serious social burden as the wide gap between revenue and expenditure takes place for the reason of the baby-boomers making a living without the economic activities in the course of the thirty years at average after the retirement. In addition, 7 out of 10 retirees are not able to prepare for the later life in here and now, which is naturally followed by the poverty of later life. To solve this problem, the job-opportunities to buttress the economic activities are needed to be increased. For the vacant time not to happen, namely, the period during which the baby-boomers don't receive the pension from the time of retirement and that of beginning to get pension, the policies of the contemporary pension are to be made up and revised. Housing reverse mortgage is suggested to be one of the solutions.
Reverse mortgage is conceived as an affirmative alternative to solve the economic problems of the later lives, using as mortgage a house which individuals possess as the sole disposable income. The traits of the reverse mortgage are as follows:① residency guarantee ②income guarantee ③ repayment guarantee④ non-recourse guarantee. The merits are that the it is the payment to the end of life, it is not affected the decline of the price of the house, it is payed in case of the death of one's spouse, including the tax favor, the low interest-rate, the guarantee by the government, and, what is better, dealing with the cost of living with the person himself making a living in his or her own house. On the other hand, the demerits are like these: the received amount of the pension can be smaller than the value of the house because of the payment of interest rate, the economic loss to the money of pension and the early decided-guarantee fees may transpire in the event of the continual price-increasing since inflation is not reflected on it, the payment of the pension becomes suspended when divorce happens, the mode of payment(fixed-benefits, the style of increasing, the style of decreasing, the style of much for first half and little for second) is unchangeable, and the payment becomes suspended at the time of such a loss of the ownership as redevelopment and reconstruction
The core of this research is to provide the retirees with the chances to arrange the economic conditions of the later lives through confirming the crucial factors which are considered the most important in culling the style of reverse mortgage loan at the time of the full-brownly beginning of the baby-boomers' retirement. and ,simultaneously, for the government to make the effective implementation of the policies and the reasonable establishment of financial plans by controlling the excessive use of welfare policies to facilitate the stabilities of the later life in nation-wide.
To promote the policy of the reverse mortgage loan which is on an incipient stage, this study tries to fathom out the choice-criterion, that is to say, the most pivotal factors in utilizing the policy, centered on the reserved retirees who are the potential customers and at the same time baby-boomers. By means of Factor analysis, the variables which have impacts on the satisfaction level of the reverse mortgage loan are analyzed in three respects: namely the policy-supporting institution(the tax benefits, the early guarantee fees, the interest rate of utilization, the payment of each month, the conditions for the registrations, the mortgage conditions, any kinds of the restrictions), the economic satisfaction(the economic readiness, the preparation for the later life, the pension economy, the comparison between the acquaintance), and the personal later-life state(the income for a month, the sustenance cost for a month, the expected subsistence cost after retirement, the condition of health).
In the plan of making use of the reverse mortgage loan, the following facts are corroborated. To begin with, the conditions for the registrations, the early guarantee fees, the payment of each month, and the mortgage conditions are the statistically influential factors in decision-making for the policy-supporting institution. secondly, the preparation for the later life, and the comparison between the acquaintances are for the economic satisfaction, and finally the condition of health and the income for a month are for the personal state. In the aspect of the plan for the recommendation, the interest rate of the loan, the conditions for the registrations and the payment of a month are the statistically influential factors in decision-making for the policy-supporting institution, the comparison between the acquaintances is for the economic satisfaction, and the condition of health alone is for the personal state.
In the process of performing the survey by way of questionnaires, the most significant variable which the reserved retirees have picked up is whether they can accepting the pension during the rest of their lives, residing in his or her own house, which is suggesting that the reverse mortgage loan can be safely established on the base that the government firmly promises the beneficiaries its guarantee against the possible longevity risk in the reverse mortgage loan. Hereafter, the subsequent decline of the chances of economic growth and the production-possible population resulting from the lower birth rate, and, what is more serious, the economic supply for the rapidly increasing aged people will function as the heavy burden to the future generations. To activate the reverse mortgage loan is one of the ways that solve the this structural problem of the whole society. The reverse mortgage loan has threefold advantages: the generation of parents gets the fixed amount of money as a pension by the mortgage attached to their houses where they dwell and can make use of it as the living cost during the later life, the filial generations can take off the heavy load that they should support the economic maintenances of their parents for the rest of their lives, making some preparation for the their own late life and thirdly, the government, lessening the scale of the financial range which is needed to be presented to the welfare of the aged generations for their living safety, can focus and execute the budget on the spheres of the economic growth. These fact encourages the government to lay the groundwork for the continuous development through the rational management of its finance, which also will be an opportunity for the virtuous circle for the economic growth through the productive investments.