In this study, Lee Bang‐ik's <Hongriga> was analyzed intensively among exile gasa created at the beginning of king Jeongjo, and Ahn Do‐hwan's <Maneonsa> was examined as a comparative example. In addition, Lee Gi‐gyeong's <Simjingok> and <Nangyusa> wer ...
In this study, Lee Bang‐ik's <Hongriga> was analyzed intensively among exile gasa created at the beginning of king Jeongjo, and Ahn Do‐hwan's <Maneonsa> was examined as a comparative example. In addition, Lee Gi‐gyeong's <Simjingok> and <Nangyusa> were studied in order to understand the realistic context of the exile in Jeongjo era and the transformation of the exile gasa in a more stereoscopic way. The following is a summary of findings derived from the research process.
1) Review of works through precise annotation and reading
This study conducted a detailed annotation on two important gasa works that were the subjects of the study. The first review of existing work collections or books failed to provide accurate and detailed commentary. Especially, in the case of <Hongriga>, individual works or comprehensive researches were insufficient, but in the annotation process, this study searched and compared existing research results. In the case of <Maneonsa>, since various work theories such as Yibon studies were accumulated, the annotation process of the works could be done more efficiently. At the same time, this study checked the relevant records in the <Seongje Shilrok> and <Seungjeongwonilgi>, which became the basic historical materials as the interpretive basis of the works.
2) The context of work production and reconstruction of creation situation
As an interpretive basis of the work, this study attempted to reconstruct the actual situation of the artist diachronically. The issue related to Lee Bang‐ik was to oust the extreme Cheongryu from within the Noron. In May 1782, Lee Taek‐jing and Lee Yu‐baek, who were Noron Cheongryu, presented Sangso, criticizing the Jeongjo administration. Lee Bang‐ik was involved in this very case. First, Lee Taek‐jing criticized Jeongjo's administration in Eungjisangso. After Lee Taek‐jing's Sangso, on June 24, Lee Yu‐baek pointed out Jajeon's policy aimed at Queen. As a result, Lee Yu‐baek and Lee Taek‐jing were killed in the deportation. Lee Bang‐ik, author of Hongriga, was an intimate acquaintance of Lee Taek‐jing and the local people, according to Seungjeongwonilgi>. If you look at the records of <Shilrok>, it seems that Lee Bang‐ik himself did not conduct simulations related to Sangso, and that his behavior which was intertwined with circumstances became problems. In the <Hongriga> work, the speaker also stated that his temperament was not smart and he was exposed to exile because he did not figure out the current situation properly. As a result, Lee Bang‐ik was decided to banish in July of the same year and sent to Shinjido and he was released in August the 8th year of Jeongjo.
3) Analysis of the structural characteristics and narrative attitude of the works
This study analyzed the attitude of the speaker who perceived political reality and examined how the works were structurally assembled. In the target works, this study noticed how the speaker accepts his situation, concentrates on what is in the external world, and sings what he or she sings.
(1) In the current research stage, this study focused mainly on <Hongriga>. <Hongriga>, on the whole, is not structured regularly following the momentary flow of time. The exile is decided, the journey to exile place is revealed, the life in exile place is revealed, and eventually praying for the release of exile is described. The experience of exile place, which shows the core of the poetic sentiment, shows the experience in Gamyeong, the origin in dreams, and the critical gaze about the custom, but there is a lack of logically regular aspects. In <Hongriga>, the speaker is vividly exposing the real life of the exile. It is not only his own but also the fact that the general people of Shinjido live, and the double gaze of the bureaucrat's looking at the customs of the fringe. At the same time, he continues to emphasize the existence of Nim as a subject that can solve his situation. However, the relationship between Nim and the speaker reveals a different pattern from the former. The idea of Chung (loyalty) that connects Nim and the speaker in the works is parallel to Hyoje's logic. In the composition of the work, it is stated that justice already exists and that the speaker will also be released someday. That is to say, the speaker is not out of the picture.
(2) In <Simjingok> and <Nangyusa>, the journey of exile and the reality of experience were hardly revealed. Furthermore, all of these works were created in the latter half of Jeongjo's reign, and the context of the creation should be viewed from a different point of view than at the beginning era of Jeongjo. Based on the interpretation so far, in these works, the exile is merely a motive of creation, and in reality, the contents appearing in the works consist of cynicism and criticism about the logic of Catholicism and Western literature.
4) The change in the meaning of Yeongun in the tradition of exile gasa
In general, the emotion of Chungshinyeonju flows in the exile gasa. This study investigated what characteristic phases are emerging from inside and outside of the work and how it can have a Siga meaning in the magnetic field of the era that cannot be explained only by the traditional relationship between the king and the servant. In Lee Bang‐ik and Ahn Do‐hwan's works, Yeongun's emotions are not expressed in tension. There is dilution between the speaker and Nim in the resentment and anger on the premise of the legitimacy or political confrontation of punishment. Instead, emphasizing Nim's ability and quality, and his own personal shortcomings, the author and speaker repeatedly emphasize the value and ethics that traditionally have to be kept. Therefore, Lee Bang‐ik relies on Nim’s will of the release of exile, and is looking forward to meeting his mother, and Ahn Do‐hwan takes a position to reflect on his actions in general. And the tension of the king‐vassal relationship through Chung is not expressed in the emotion of the speaker in the work. Nonetheless, it has a distinctive character from the works of the previous generation, which portray a desire to resolve conflict through communication with the king.