Beza actively accepts the role of reason as general grace and establishes a place of theology based on logical reasoning and experience. The foundation of this theology is the Bible written as the Word of God. Beza, unlike Calvin, defended the divine ...
Beza actively accepts the role of reason as general grace and establishes a place of theology based on logical reasoning and experience. The foundation of this theology is the Bible written as the Word of God. Beza, unlike Calvin, defended the divine authority of the Bible by means of highlighting three points, which are the authority of Scripture as canon, its authority as the written Word, and the objective signs that support the divine authority of Scripture. While Calvin elevated the divine authority of Scripture by emphasizing God’s personal, intimate relationship with the prophets as secretaries. Beza additionally highlighted Scripture’s divine nature and its authority as canon. Beza emphasized the history of the Bible as text and provided a basis for rationally interpreting the text.
In this context, Beza actively accepted the logical reasoning that was developed in Aristotle’s dialectic. Beza distinguished between the content and form of faith and applied Aristotle’s dialectic to the method of ‘good argument’, not the content of faith. Beza used logical reasoning as a measure of good behavior. He took the position that humans can make logical reasoning that distinguishes truth and falsehood, and that God had given certainty over this logical reasoning: “Logic is certain and is a God-given criterion by which the true and false in all things may be discerned.”(CB XXI, 219) Beza further assured the consistency of the belief with good arguments based on dialectics. Thus, Beza’s Confession of Faith is a result of logical reasoning for protecting faith and a consistent system of faith.
So, as Mcfee points out, Beza’s understanding of reason must be distinguished from philosophical rationalism. Beza prefers experiential methodology, and refuses to treat reason “a priori” (Mallison, Faith, Reason and Revelation, 78-79) as dogma of the Bible.
Beza accepted the position of the Reformers that humanity is not able to use the original function of reason created by God because of original sin. He considered that we not only accept objective evidence, but also certainty of the divine authority of the Bible, when the Holy Spirit comes to us. Those who are reborn by the inner witness of the Holy Spirit broadens their minds to understand the objective evidence of the Bible. This means that God creates in our hearts a spiritual power that can find Him. While Beza understands the divine authority of the Bible in the relationship between the objective testimony of the Bible and the certainty of the Holy Spirit, Calvin highlighted the inner certainty of the Holy Spirit.
Beza described the objective basis of the Bible and the subjective certainty of the Holy Spirit as the basis for epistemological authority or credibility. Certainly, he emphasized inner testimony of the Holy Spirit over external evidences. This is similar to the way Calvin regarded the objective evidence of the Bible as secondary(indicia).
Beza considered the reality of the world that is overthrown and distorted by original sin. He not only distinguished between “general and correct knowledge”, but also “temporary and false beliefs” from true beliefs in order to explain the religious experience in the world. This distinction also applies to faith and the assurance of will as result of faith. This is the result of Beza’s logical reasoning for theological answers of the Reformed Church.
In conclusion, Beza demonstrated the divine authority of the Bible by logical reasoning and highlighted objective evidence for it. However, he emphasized that humanity experienced the divine authority of the Bible as an event. This event given by the Holy Spirit causes a faith that fuses reason and will, so that it became the driving force to endure suffering before death in the French Religious War.