Korean modern literature started expressing ‘individual’ as a subject of the new era being against the existing feudal order. To do this, Korean literary people introduced the literary language indicating the inside of human such as ‘individuality’, ...
Korean modern literature started expressing ‘individual’ as a subject of the new era being against the existing feudal order. To do this, Korean literary people introduced the literary language indicating the inside of human such as ‘individuality’, ‘life’, ‘soul’, and ‘inside’, and searched for a form that can sing human free feelings. The background in which they found a modern self in terms of content and form could be seen as a fundamental recognition of ‘life’. The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of ‘life’ discourse on forming Korean modern literature by noting this.
First, this study focused on the concept of ‘life’ and similar conceptual words, and tried to examine how this moves and settles according to the context of the audiences. As we all know, the concept of ‘life’ originally originated from the translation of ‘life’, but the East has been using traditional concepts of ‘life’ such as ‘lifespan’ and ‘seongmyeong(性命)’. In a similar context, the concept of ‘sky’ contained the meaning of external transcendence, but in the modern times it has been used as a concept added with a new meaning of intrinsic subjectivity. In this sense, the concept of ‘life’ or the concepts of ‘life’ implications is divided into the traditional and modern aspects for convenience, and it has room to be used in various meanings in the social and historical context of the audiences. This was the same as the source of the discourse. The origin of ‘life’ thought was not only the traditional aspects such as Zhujian and Yangming, but also the modern aspects such as R. W. Emerson, R. Eucken, H. Bergson, M. Arnold, and Neo-Kantian School. Thus, this study tried to read a unique point of ‘life’ discourse by focusing on the context in which Korean modern literature was placed rather than the concept and the meaning of the source itself.
Next, this study attempted to examine the direction in which the 'life' idea was introduced from the East Asian dimension, and how it was set in the modern Korean and Japanese contexts. The perception of 'life' has emerged as a way to make 'individuals' independent of existing gods and social systems. The movement to express the independence of the individual began in earnest by being away from supreme nationalism in Taisho Japan and the worldview of social evolution theory that contributed to it. In other words, in Taisho Japan, there was the tendency to seek ‘individual’ from ‘life’ as a basis for establishing it as the independent subject of human beings and called it ‘Taisho life-ism’. Although Korean literary people were able to breathe the awareness of ‘life’ while experiencing the free intellectual atmosphere in Taisho Japan, they developed a ‘life’ discourse in accordance with the circumstances of the present Korea in the following aspects. Firstly, they set the civilization of their ancestors, represented as ‘Dangun’, as the origin of existence through the continuous flow of ‘life’, and conducted archaeological exploration for them. Secondly, they developed a discourse on ‘life’ in a way that links the uniqueness of the individual with the evolution of the whole and represents the ‘common life’. In this sense, this study attempted to distinguish between Japan’s ‘Taisho life-ism’ and Korea’s ‘life-ism’ by defining the characteristic of ‘life’ discourse developed in modern Korea as ‘communitarianism’.
Therefore, this study revealed the process of ‘life’ discourse being formed according to the context of each country by focusing on the ‘life’ concept and the source of ‘life’ thought so that it was able to highlight the unique point of the ‘life’ discourse emerging in the field of Korean modern literature. Based on this perspective, the study was able to discover various cases surrounding ‘life’ in the modern Korean literary world from the TaeSuhMoonYaeShinBo, published in the late 1910s to the activities of Park Pal-Yang in the late period of Japan so that it was able to discover the horizon of Korean modern literature under the view of ‘life-ism’.