On November 7, 2005, Handerson Land, the greatest developer in Hongkong, announced privatization plan of its subsidiary Handerson Investment. The proposal was advantageous to the subsidiary stock holders and was sure to pass. Surprisingly, the offer w ...
On November 7, 2005, Handerson Land, the greatest developer in Hongkong, announced privatization plan of its subsidiary Handerson Investment. The proposal was advantageous to the subsidiary stock holders and was sure to pass. Surprisingly, the offer was rejected at a shareholders' meeting of Handerson Investment on January 20, 2006. Due to the decline, the stock price of Handerson Investment fell 17% the next day. One hedge fund secretly held 2.7% of Handerson Investment's stock (according to Hong Kong law at the time, 2.5% of the 25% of the shares not owned by the controlling shareholder could be voted down on the privatization plan). Just before the General Shareholders' Meeting of the above shareholders, it was revealed that they voted against the above rulings after shortly selling the shares of Handerson Investment on a large scale. The hedge fund, which is a shareholder, planned to lower its share price and bet big money on falling stock prices to establish a strategy to realize large profits and succeeded eventually.
Could this be allowed? Fundamentally, shareholders are expected to exercise their voting rights for the benefit of the company because they have the most direct economic interest in the company as a claimant of the company's residual assets. However, in recent decades, the development of financial techniques, such as the use of derivatives such as short selling, stock lending, or equity swap, has left shareholders with no economic interest in voting rights (The "empty voting"), and beyond that, shareholders who have an interest in opposition to the interests of the company exercise voting rights ("negative voting" ). Shareholders with negative interests will take personal advantage by lowering the share price or lowering the value of the company through the exercise of voting rights.
The results of this study are threefold.
First, it is not only in a particular situation that it is possible for shareholders to act against the interests of the company. Under the current financial systems and disclosure rules of the world including Korea, t is possible to hold stocks only in a formal way without economic interests or to conceal substantial stakes by avoiding disclosure rules.
Second, in order to take disadvantage measures such as restriction of voting rights on the grounds that it is a shareholder with a negative interest, there should be a normative element that the exercise of the voting right of the shareholder should be unlawful or unjustifiable in view of the nature of the corporation.
Third, the limitation of voting right is most effective as a legal sanction to shareholders with a negative interest. The legal basis, which makes it possible to restrict such voting right, is: ① the restriction of the voting rights of a special interested shareholder set forth in Article 368 (4) Limitation of events, ② diligence of shareholders, and ③ principles of good faith.