The risk that is facing companies in relation to climate changes is called carbon risk in addition to the existing physical risk, regulation risk, litigation risk, competition risk, production risk, and reputation risk. The carbon risk is now a globa ...
The risk that is facing companies in relation to climate changes is called carbon risk in addition to the existing physical risk, regulation risk, litigation risk, competition risk, production risk, and reputation risk. The carbon risk is now a global phenomenon that can influence all companies, all sectors, and the entire enterprise. As such, carbon risk, which used to be regarded as a mere reputation risk or regulation risk, is now being recognized as one of the most financially important and core environmental problems facing stockholders and debtholders.
In this context, first, I investigated (1) whether carbon emission regulation has a negative impact on the firm value, (2) whether disclosure of carbon-related information alleviates the negative impact on the firm value, and (3) whether corporate carbon emissions have a negative impact on the firm value. Second, I investigated (1) whether carbon emission regulation has a negative impact on the cost of debt, (2) whether the disclosure of carbon-related information alleviates the negative impact on the cost of debt, and (3) whether corporate carbon emissions have a negative impact on the cost of debt.
The results of the analysis are as follows. First, carbon emission regulation has a significant negative impact on the firm value, increasing the possibility of future cash outflows caused by carbon regulation. Second, carbon-related disclosure does not alleviate the negative impact between carbon emission regulation and the firm value. Third, carbon emissions don't have a significant negative impact on the firm value. Also, the results of the analysis are as follows. First, carbon emission regulation does not have a significant negative impact on the cost of debt, increasing the volatility of future cash flows caused by carbon regulation. Second, carbon-related disclosure does not alleviate the negative impact between carbon emission regulation and the cost of debt. Third, carbon emissions have a significant negative impact on the cost of debt. Overall, the results of this study indicate that the market responses on carbon emission regulation differ in the decision-making of stockholders and debtholders.