[Status and Characteristics of Organization and its executives for Repatriation of the Japanese in the North of the 38th Parallel after 8・15]
This article is a summary of the current status of the organization and its executives for repatriation of J ...
[Status and Characteristics of Organization and its executives for Repatriation of the Japanese in the North of the 38th Parallel after 8・15]
This article is a summary of the current status of the organization and its executives for repatriation of Japanese settlers in the north of the 38th parallel after the collapse of Japan in 1945. This process is summarized, a total of 68 organizations for Repatriation of the Japanese(29 organizations in North and South Pyongan Province, 27 organizations in North and South Hamgyong, 12 organizations in Hwanghae and Gangwon Province) and a total of 286 staff members. And I investigated the career of these executives and their major activities and classified them on the basis of their experiences. As a result, many of these executives were concentrated in the businessmen and the public employees. In other words, it can be seen that the group that formed the upper class of the 'colonial society' in the past led the activities for repatriation of the Japanese. As soon as the early return activities centered on management were hit by the limitations, gradually, the executive staffs were replaced by the community leaders of civil society such as educators. In the north of the 38th parallel, which was very different from that of the south of the 38th parallel occupied by the US Military, it was necessary to communicate and coordinate between Soviet Army - North Korean – Japanese. In this respect, the executives' career during the Japanese occupation was an important variable. The real bargaining power and solidarity were important.
[Activities of Organization for Repatriation of the Japanese in Hamheung after 8・15]
This article is a summary of Organizations for Repatriation of the Japanese in Hamheung, especially Hamheung Japanese Committee, in order to understand the activities for repatriation of Japanese settlers in the north of the 38th parallel after the collapse of Japan in 1945. 'Hamheung Japanese Sewakai', which was organized for the first time in Hamheung, reflected the social relations of the colonial Korea in its composition. This nationalistic nature was unable to correspond to the changing situation in the north of the 38th parallel, and on December 3, 1945, Hamheung Japanese Sewakai was completely renovated into the 'Hamheung Japanese Committee'. In addition, Isogaya-Sueji and Matsumura-Gisio who had formed a friendly relationship with Korean people before the collapse of Japan, made a new moment of Hamheung Japanese Committee activities. Based on mutual trust, they focused on communication and cooperation with related organizations of Joseon and the Soviet Union. Through these efforts, it is possible to solve various problems such as various relief activities for residence of Japanese and refugees before returning to Japan, efforts to solve problems of Grouop refugees such as 'bupyeong problem', and the return of ‘Group escape’ method. As a result, a large number of Japanese and refugees from Hamkyung Province could return to Japan between March and June 1946, before the announcement of official Repatriation. This illegal escape was possible because of the 'implicit' and 'active' support of the Joseon and Soviet authorities. Therefore, the 'Group escape' by the Hamheung Japanese Committee at this time was semi-legal in fact. On the other hand, they have used the problem of ‘remaining of Japanese engineers’ as a negotiation card to receive various supports under the judgment that it is impossible for Korean comrades to construct a new Joseon without industrial-based reconstruction. This is a win-win for both Koreans and Japanese.