The purpose of the first-year study was to examine what unethical issues occur in human-artificial intelligence interaction and how we can understand and solve the problems concerning the issues based on the theoretical, and logical frames. The study ...
The purpose of the first-year study was to examine what unethical issues occur in human-artificial intelligence interaction and how we can understand and solve the problems concerning the issues based on the theoretical, and logical frames. The study first outlined academic and theoretical backgrounds concerning the issues and took a look at what unethical issues happened in communication and media fields and how studies have been developed to solve the issues. Also, based on the discussion in the study, the first-year study conducted an exploratory study about unethical situations which might occur during the interaction between human-artificial intelligence interaction. The study found that, although AI users conducted unethical behaviors or words, they expected AI agents to suggest rather in socially desirable ways. From the research findings, the study found that people indicateed AI agents as a social actor who could judge and behave regarding moral standards, rather than just a partner. Also, it was found that users had different moral standards between others and themselves, and had more strict moral standards towards other people.
The purpose of the second-year research, based on the results of the first-year study, was to seek “why” people use communication technologies such as chatbots. Focusing on the interaction between human and chatbot, the second-year research examined how perceived humanness perception affected human-chatbot interaction, how a mediation process occured when humanness perception indirectly affected continued intention to use chatbot, and how sense of belonging moderated the mediation process. Using a survey (N = 645), the study found the positive association between chatbot use frequency and humanness perception toward chatbot. Also, a positive association between humanness perception toward chatbot and continued intention to use the chatbot. This result means that as individuals perceive chatbot as a human-like social actor, they are more likely to use chatbot continuously. For the mediation, humnanness perception toward chatbot mediated the association between chatbot use frequency and continued use intention. Lastly, the indirect effect of chatbot use frequency on continued intention, mediated by humanness perception toward chatbot, was significant only among individuals with the medium and low level of sense of belonging.
The third-year research examined the factors that affected chatbot users’ use of profanity and offensive words, employing the concepts of ethical ideology, social competence, and perceived humanlikeness of chatbot. The study also looked into users’ liking of chatbots’ responses to the users’ utterance of profanity and offensive words. Using a national survey (N = 645), the study found that users’ idealism orientation was a significant factor in explaining use of such offensive language. In addition, users with high idealism revealed liking of chatbots’ active intervention, whereas those with high relativism displayed liking of chatbots’ reactive responses. Moreover, users’ perceived humanlikeness of chatbot increased their likelihood of using offensive words targeting dislikable acquaintances, racial/ethnic groups, and political parties. These findings are expected to fill the gap between the current use of AI chatbots and the lack of empirical studies examining language use.