The types of representative acts without authority are as follows. It is a violation of the law, an arbitrary representation, and abuse of the right to represent. First of all, violation of the law means that when a specific act is restricted by law, ...
The types of representative acts without authority are as follows. It is a violation of the law, an arbitrary representation, and abuse of the right to represent. First of all, violation of the law means that when a specific act is restricted by law, it violates it and acts as a representative.
Next, There are two types of arbitrary representation. First of all, it is an act that the representative director does not require a resolution at the general shareholders' general meeting or the board of directors according to law, and can be decided independently by the representative director, rather than requiring a resolution of the board of directors. There is a representative act that did not go through this procedure even though it was supposed to be obtained. Lastly, there is abuse of representation. Abuse of representation right refers to an act of representing objectively within the scope of the right of representation, but subjectively performing representation for the benefit of oneself or a third party.
In the case where the representative act was related to the offense of breach, the lower court and the Supreme Court used the same basis of arguments, but the conclusions were different. In this respect, the Supreme Court's criteria for judgment on the offense of breach are unclear and not specific, and there are difficulties in its application.
This phenomenon is further aggravated from the standpoint of the general public and is not valid in the light of legal stability and behavioral norms.
Looking at the contents of the recent Supreme Court decision, on the premise of the analogy applied under the Civil Law, the timing of initiating and ending the execution of the bill issuance was determined. The abuse of representative power is divided into the theory of the use of analogy in Article 107 (1) of the Civil Act and the theory of abuse of authority in the civil judgment, but the theory of the use of analogy in Article 107 (1) of the Civil Act is cited in the criminal judgment. That is, the abuse of representation right is the exercise of representation for the benefit of oneself or a third party within the scope of the representation right, and if the other party has bad intentions or negligence, it is a civil invalidity and an attempted offense of malpractice. Is to become. This judgment has many problems, as pointed out in many literatures.
In principle, the representative agency's representative act cannot be said to correspond to the affairs of others. Furthermore, even if the clericality of another person is recognized, it should be understood that in the case of absolute invalidity, the result cannot occur, which is an incompetent criminal. In addition, it is not possible to stand up to the holder of the bill due to a protest due to the personal relationship of the bill. Therefore, even if the billing act is invalid, if it is circulated to a third party, a specific risk occurs and it is the base. However, it is reasonable to say that even if the act of issuing a bill is not aware of the circulation of bills, there will be no crime of infidelity, since there cannot be a rider and an attempt not to review the intention of the actor.