The purpose of this study is to examine the changes in the use patterns of modern Korean summonses and their causes using spoken language data. From the beginning of the 20th century to the present, the realization of the summonses in modern Korean is ...
The purpose of this study is to examine the changes in the use patterns of modern Korean summonses and their causes using spoken language data. From the beginning of the 20th century to the present, the realization of the summonses in modern Korean is grasped in terms of function, utterance situation, and the relationship between the speaker and the listener, and the change in use of the summonses and its causes are analyzed.
This study is differentiated from previous studies that focus on forms of address among Korean call words, and discusses summonses realized in modern Korean. And establish the concept and category of the summonses, identify the types of language expressions used in the summonses, and analyze the changes in the use of the summonses and their causes. The results derived from this study are as follows.
First, The development process of the ‘i+bo-’ type was examined, and the changes in the use patterns of the ‘i+bo-’ type were analyzed based on spoken language data. The ‘i+bo-’ type developed from ‘i(el)bo-’, which means ‘looking at the object pointed to by this’, and now the shortened forms of ‘ibwa’ and ‘ibwayo’ are mainly used, and the igeos bwa(yo) is also used as a summonses. The ‘i + bo-’ type is used in various speech purposes and situations, such as requests, suggestions, questions, orders, statements, worries, raising problems, warnings, etc. In recent years, the use of ‘i+bo-’ type has increased in situations such as raising problems and warnings, but its use in situations such as requests, suggestions, and questions tends to decrease.
Second, the types of summonses are ‘ya’, ‘ibo-’, ‘yeobo-’, ‘jamkkan(manyo)’, ‘jeogiyo’, ‘eoi’, ‘gyeseyo’, ‘sillyehamnida’, ‘iri oneora’ appeared in modern Korean. ‘Ya’, ‘ibo-’, ‘yeobo-’ have been used consistently since the beginning of the modern Korean language. ‘Ya’, ‘ibo-’ are mainly realized in protest discourse situations. But ‘yeobo-’ is mainly realized in the situation of request, and its use has weakened since the 1980s. ‘Jamkkan(manyo)’ is used by the speaker to restrain the other person’s actions or words and proceed with his or her own utterance. ‘Jeogiyo’ has been used since the 1990s, and it is mainly realized for the speaker to make a request to a stranger. ‘Eoi’ is mainly used in the relationship between the speaker and the listener, and is often used when the speaker’s power hierarchy is higher than that of the listener. ‘Gyeseyo’ is used when a speaker visits a specific place and calls someone inside from the outside. But ‘sillyehamnida’ is used when the speaker visits a specific place and sees and calls the other person directly from inside. ‘iri oneora’ is a word that was used in the past when calling someone inside from outside the gate, and its use appears even in the beginning of modern Korean.