In this paper, I intended to examine the literature-society relationship by examining the argument on "subversive poetry" between Yee Ô-ryông and Kim Su-young. The argument was not a full-fledged one, but it included such significants as "participation", "purity", "culture", "politics", and "liberty", which were indispensible to discuss the literature-society relationship. In terms of Korean literary history, the argument is quite important in that the disputants illustrated different perspectives on the reality of the time. The 1960s was the time of anti-Communism. When the society was considered apart from individual experiences, speculation on the literature-society relationship could not help falling into superficiality and abstractness. The argument between Yee and Kim provided concrete sources related with the contact point of literature and the anti-Communism Ideology which tended to be totalitarian in the period. And this paper gave an attention to this contact point, whereas former re-searches on the same argument mainly focused on its literary part. This paper is specifically focused on the semantic phase of what Kim called "participation", "avant-garde", and "subversiveness". To understand these words, I got a reference from the "deontological square", which Slavoj ižek led out of the "semiotic square" of A. J. Greimas. In the deontological square, "X" is located in the status of what is not "pre-scribed", thus facultative, as well as what is not simply "permitted". What Kim called "avant-garde literature" or "avant-gardeness" was located in the same status like the "X". The "pure literature", what Yee Ô-ryông and other literati argued, could stand "the permitted" in this perspective. The status of "the permitted" brought out of the confrontation of "the prescribed" and "the prohibited". In other words, it came from a denial of denying "the prescribed". The base of pure-literature"s supports also was conscious of the proposition that "art is creation". The "pure" they claimed wasn"t pointed to "the prescribed", which meant being unconsciously immersed in the ruling universal Lie. To the contrary, "the pure" also disavowed "the prescribed" with its own way. In this context, "the pure" could be considered to point to certain contingency too. However, this contingency was no more than "the permitted" in that it was just in the "boundary of possibility" restricted by the ready-established realm. This "possibility" could be said a "gentrified", "pacified", and "sting plucked out" contingency, which easily turned into the part of the ruling universal Lie. Relatively, what Kim Su-young argued avant-garde literature was located in the status of the "X", where the unknown burst out challenging the restriction of the ready-established world. The realm created by avant-garde literature was neither prescribed nor permitted. It held up to ridicule the Prohibition, laid bare its hidden mechanism, without thereby changing into a neutral "permissiveness". When something unknown stands the place of the "X", it cannot help being considered as "subversive" in the perspective of "the prescribed" or "the permitted". Kim Su-young"s avant-garde "subversiveness" stood on the very status of the "X", and it was over the context of the "pure-participation" controversy at the time.