The purpose of this study is to understand the concept of community with focus upon the process of constructing community among "Sahndle" elementary school members from the perspective of anthropology of education. Sahndle elementary school had been i ...
The purpose of this study is to understand the concept of community with focus upon the process of constructing community among "Sahndle" elementary school members from the perspective of anthropology of education. Sahndle elementary school had been in a continuous crisis to be shut down for its population decrease from 1991. But since 2001 some parents and teachers have revived the school. But in the process of participation, they had conflicted with each other for the reason their thoughts and life conditions were different from one another. So the school met with another crisis to close. To solve this problem, they had no choice but to change the concept of community. They learned to think that the community is not equal members' group for the same purpose, but the relationship of understanding others different from themselves and changing themselves with the very understanding. In this relation, to understand others is to see the situation from other's viewpoint. To understand is not to evaluate and change others according to one's own standard, but to evaluate and change myself according to other's. In other word, understanding is reflective thinking. When they try to understand others, they conform themselves to others' viewpoint, and come to realize there are others within their new self. So they feel others as themselves and feel responsible for others. In their concept of community, we can find an adequate answer to the problem of alienation in modern world. In the age of organised society by labour division, most of people are separated from one another, and alienated from themselves, from others, and from the world. Since 19th century a lot of thinkers have tried to find the solution in community. They have in common the thought that a community is a group composed of equal members, and the way to form a community is to make people equal. But it produces another alienation. In case of the formation of community in Sahndle elementary school, as the members understand one another, they form new selves. It means that in the community they exist and co-exist with others at the same time. This concept of community is adequate to solve the problem how modern human world can be connected with different individuals without producing another alienation. Also, the Sanhdle elementary school community shows that the community is formed under the pressure of particular situation. They understood and thought reflectively when the situation no longer allows them to manage the school as they want. Considering the lives of the Sahndle elementary school members, man is not only a cultural being as an agent of the culture, but also an educational being as a producer of a culture. And the human world is not only a society as it is structured, but also a community as it is de-structuring. In this sense, man and the human world is bilateral. If one of these sides is weak or preponderant, man and human world become alienated or lose stability, and fall into the crisis of being. Nevertheless, once the order of human world is formed, individuals become agents of the order, and the order gets more structured, and the individuals are alienated at last. To prevent this problem, man invent school. In the human world, school is the place for a community. If students, teachers and parents are alienated in school, it means that the school is societalized. So if we want to reform the school, we should not search for the way of de-intellectualizing education as current alternative educators do, but that of de-societalizing education. To de-societalize is to recover a community in school. To recover a community, teachers and students should understand one another and reflect upon themselves in school. Considering this kind of life as a typical one found in scholars' community and their pivotal way of life as study and dialogue, alternative education should be found in the direction to assist the study and dialogue of teachers and students.