Communication between a doctor and a physician is largely consisted of a patient's explanation of his/her symptoms and the doctor's diagnosis. A patient orally reports his/her “physical condition" and the doctor tries to identify the il ...
Communication between a doctor and a physician is largely consisted of a patient's explanation of his/her symptoms and the doctor's diagnosis. A patient orally reports his/her “physical condition" and the doctor tries to identify the illness on the basis of the patient's oral report. Thus, for the better diagnosis, doctors become to depend upon the “oral report” presented by the patient him/herself who knows the “internal condition” best.
However, most patients are not communicatively comfortable and competent enough to express his/her physical condition and feeling in everyday language. Thus, many patients in the meetings with their doctors tend to appeal their physical pains emotionally rather than explain their symptom step by step. Especially, in Korean medical culture, a feeling of awe and/or awfulness about a doctor exist in people's mind and this fact itself becomes a major hindering factor for the effective communication between doctors and patients in Korea.
A problematic context in human communication occurs when a doctor and patient meets. On one hand, the patient with physically “poor condition,” thus having emotional attachment to the doctor who is expected to resolve the problem, is burdened with the task of "expressing" him/herself. On the other hand, the doctor with his/her medical education and training to detach his/her emotional or personal relation to a patient is burdened to diagnose the patient's illness only on the basis of the medical symptoms. Thus, this context may be described as human communication between "warm heart(emotion-oriented)" and "cool head(logic-oriented)."
This study is a conversational analysis of "doctor-patient" communication in Korea to identify those interpersonal communication problems and to build some guidelines overcoming those identified problems. The study results identify seven major problems of patients and doctors respectively. For doctors' problems, there were (1) semantic differentials with warm hearts(patients), (2) authoritarian behavior and speech, (3) listening, (4) expression -- jargons, information overload, ambiguity, and contradiction, (5) explaining about physical test, (6) the lack of feedback on the patient's question, (7) the limit of time. For patients' problems, there were (1) semantic differentials with cool head(doctors), (2) the lack of the will of expression, (3) disorder and chaos in explaining the symptoms, (4) exaggeration and ambiguity in the expression of symptoms, (5) the absence of the priority of the message, (6) discredit on doctor's diagnosis or opinion, (7) lack of medical knowledge as commonsense.
On the basis of the communicative problems, some guideline are designed for doctors and patients to make a more effective "doctor-patient communication." For doctors, the followings are recommended: (1) empathy for the warm heart, (2) symmetry relation of interpersonal communication, (3) listening skill training, (4) using everyday language to patients, (5) explanation of the physical tests, (6) two way communication model, (7) improving time-limitation. For patients, the followings are recommended: (1) reason and logical approach to doctor, (2) building will to express, (3) formal, systematic, and prepared explanation of symptoms, (4) acquiring the skill to express physical conditions and symptoms, (5) communication with semantic priority, (6) building credibility on doctors with their specialty, (7) acquiring some basis medical knowledge.
In sum, people like to have doctors talk to them in an egalitarian way, listen, ask a lot of questions, answer a lot of questions, explain things in a simple way that the patient can understand, and allow patients to make decisions about their care. At the same way, doctors like to have patients talk to them step by step, explain what caused the illness and how and in which order symptoms have occurred, and prepare memo and list with priority to ask and answer.