[Abstract 1]
Animal Liberation and Respect for Man(1)
: A Critical Consideration on P. Singer’s ‘The Principle of equal Consideration of Interests’
Generally speaking, animals especially the great apes, whales, pigs, dogs and other
highly intellige ...
[Abstract 1]
Animal Liberation and Respect for Man(1)
: A Critical Consideration on P. Singer’s ‘The Principle of equal Consideration of Interests’
Generally speaking, animals especially the great apes, whales, pigs, dogs and other
highly intelligent mammals are sensitive to pain and pleasure. They also have low-level
intelligence. Nevertheless they are treated as inanimated things by man. The most notorious
case of this way of treating is the factory farm. On the contrary, newborn baby, severely
retarded and demented people, and other humans who do not have or cannot develop or
recover distinctively human capacities as intelligence are sanctified because they are
members of human species. P. Singer maintain that this is apparent speciesism which
cannot be justified. Being with equal capacities have equal right, chimpanzees have rights
at least equivalent to mentally retarded children. Behind P. Singer's this line of thought,
there is 'the principle of equal consideration of interests'. In this paper, I will critically
examine the principle from three aspects. The first, the principle cannot compatible with
our intuitive moral truth. The second, the principle do not equally consider the interests of
animal and man. The last point which I want to prove is that P. Singer's maintain that his
animal liberation theory based on the principle do not degrade the position of man but
upgrade the position of animal is also wrong.
<Abstract 2>
Animal Liberation and Respect for Man (II) : P. Singer's Concept on Man and its weak Point
In this paper, I will show several theoretical nonconformities which can be
found in P. Singer’s concept of human beings. As we know, P. Singer is a
well-known animal liberalist. On the one hand, Singer regards man as a
subordinate being to nature and on the other, as a transcendent being. This
is the first inconsistency of Singer’s concept of man. His second inconsistency
is related to his position on the power of reason. He believes that it is the
product of evolution, and at the same time that it is a power to resist the
blindness of evolution. Thirdly, he also exposes the contradictory attitude in
evaluation on man’s moral ability. Considering these three contradictions, it
becomes clear that Singer has failed to prove his claim that there is no
qualitative difference between human beings and animals. Despite the
popularity of his theory, I believe the theoretical foundation of Singer’s
animal liberation theory is rather weak. The reason for revealing the
weakness of Singer's theory is not to return to the practice of mercilessly
handling animals but to show that it is wrong to undermine human dignity
under the guise of animal welfare.
[Abstract 3]
Animal Liberation and Respect for Huaman Beings : A Critical Analysis of P. Singer's Ethical Veganism
P. Singer makes the principle of equal consideration of interests in terms of
utilitarianism. And he attacks speciesism on the basis of that principle. He regards
meat-eating as a typical case of speciesism. By the way, utilitarianism seeking the
maximum of pleasure regards animals which aren't self-conscious as replaceable thing.
From an utilitarian point of view, an animal that isn't self-conscious is no more than a
vessel containing pleasure and pain. In this way animals are divided into fungible animals
which aren't self-conscious and unreplaceable animals having self-consciousness. Therefore
even if we accept utilitarianism, it is allowed to eat fungible animals that are bred and
slaughtered without pain. Conclusively we can say that the attempt to justify ethical
veganism from an utilitarian viewpoint is unsuccessful.