Uyghur Qarlïq Qaghan(747~759) left the winter camp at the holy Ötüken mountains, mountain steppe located at the southern part of triangle shape of area around Chingeltei Mountain, for northern area, the steppe of Hanui basin, to spend t ...
Uyghur Qarlïq Qaghan(747~759) left the winter camp at the holy Ötüken mountains, mountain steppe located at the southern part of triangle shape of area around Chingeltei Mountain, for northern area, the steppe of Hanui basin, to spend the spring season, and then moved to more northern area, the steppe of Selenge basin, and set his summer camp and stayed there during the summer season. Coming the winter season, he returned to his base located at the Ötüken area again. This is his regular course and pattern of seasonal migration followed the nomadic customs and habits. But it was not formulated a system at the first time of his reign. It was changeable because he, succeeded to his father's title in 747, had to campaign against the nomadic tribes and integrate them after his father, Qutlugh Bilge Kül Qaghan(744~747), had died. Until he reoccupied many nomad tribes of the Mongol steppe in 753, as he wrote in his memorial (Inscription of Tariyat), he couldn't show the regular seasonal migration as pointed out above. He just irregularly moved to north and northwest for pursuing and suppressing the nomadic tribes in the summer season. At then, he, needless to say, normally had to turn back to his base camp at the Ötüken area in the winter season because it was impossible to campaign.
After 753, he focused on making a good relation with China, Tang court, for making marriage and getting much economical profit because it was good for his power concentration and stabilization of nation. It was not easy to come true his own way and denied by Chinese emperor, Xuan-Zong(玄宗), who had no idea to negotiate with Uyghur. Therefore, it took several year to accomplish his desire. Giving the military support to the Chinese court for suppressing the rebellion of An-Lu-Shan in 756, he, after all, could marry to Chinese princess, Ning-Guo-Gong-Zhu(寧國公主) in 758. The marriage of forced by political expediency was a good chance for him to be a super power in the nomadic world. He tried to offer convenience to Princess and Merchants of Soghdiana at the near of his summer camp. The first residence of princess was constructed at the steppe of Selege basin, as it called Bay Baliq, and also constructed the residences at the capital of Uyghur by the Orkhon basin, Qara Balghasun, for the winter season. He made the residences and attached facilities near his seasonal camp and they became the seasonal capitals of Uyghur. It showed that he was keeping the habit of nomadic seasonal migration and also gave attention to the convenience of the Chinese princess and the merchants of Soghdiana help him as an official.
Increasing the economical and cultural exchange between Uyghur and Chinese court in the era of Bögü Qaghan(759~780) who personally gave military assistance to China, the residences for sedentary peoples near the seasonal camps were more fully equipped, as showed the huge scale of Qara Balghasun and Bay Baliq site. Since then, as the result of Uyghur Qaghans continuously accepting of the sedentary factors and peoples helpful to them, their pattern of seasonal migration was to be regular and course was to be fixed. Owing to the permanent establishments and many peoples from the sedentary world, they had to move to summer capital, Bay Baliq and return to main capital, Qara Balghsun, in the winter season, in spite of they had set the base camp at the holy Ötüken area.