This study aims to investigate neural mechanisms of music processing by measuring brain responses in listening to music, and examine whether an independent processing module for music, which is distinguished from language or mathematical domain, exist ...
This study aims to investigate neural mechanisms of music processing by measuring brain responses in listening to music, and examine whether an independent processing module for music, which is distinguished from language or mathematical domain, exists, and whether there are independent processing paths and systems for the major elements of music (harmony, melody, rhythm) from a neuroscientific perspective. Music as a sophisticated sound made by human beings, is based on complex rules and has many similarities with language in that it transmits a kind of information through the manipulation of sounds. Broca's area and Wernicke's area in the left hemisphere of the brain carry out language processing, and while a large number of studies have explored the mechanisms of the processing regarding the grammatical and semantic aspects, research on the musical aspects is still poorly understood. An attempt to find the processing pathways of the brain for music that are independent of other domains is also necessary, but how the neural mechanisms for music processing are commonly used for processing other domains, in other words, neuroscience studies on the shared brain mechanisms have been tried as well. In particular, Aniruddh D. Patel, an authority on brain research concerning music and language, asserts that there are shared processing mechanisms between music and language in the brain (shared syntactic integration resource hypothesis, SSIRH) and has demonstrated his hypothesis through several neuroscience studies. Although determining the brain mechanisms which process music is worthwhile in terms of identifying the neural basis for musical intelligence as one of the various intelligences of human beings, we expect to provide a starting point for understanding the extensive higher-order brain connectivity by investigating the neural mechanisms and how these are shared in other disciplines, such as language, spatial cognition, etc. The academic significance of this study is as follows: First, it is possible to examine the possibility of which music education can contribute to other skills development through the study of relationship between brain area related to music processing and the area which is responsible for other domains. This is because if music has common processing foundations with language, logic, and mathematics in the brain, brain changes as a consequence of music education will contribute to the processing of other domains that share the foundations. Second, it is also important that this study can contribute not only to music but also to neuroscience, cognitive science, and education. By identifying the physiological basis of processing rhythm, harmony, and melody, which have been only theoretically considered in music research, it is possible to enhance our understanding of music listeners. With regard to neuroscience, it is also possible to determine the brain mechanisms, which could not be investigated in current neuroscience, via processing optimized stimuli: “music”. In addition, the issues that have been discussed only theoretically in cognitive science and education so far can be clarified and modified through the neuroscientific basis. Interdisciplinary studies of two specialized fields - neuroscience and music theory - are essential for this research. Since our study deals with the human brain, cutting-edge machinery and techniques for measuring brain responses are essential, and the MEG machine used in this study is the best one for brain research due to its high temporal and spatial resolution. Furthermore, research on music processed in the brain requires a systematic approach based on in-depth comprehension of music. As we have first started the theoretical study on music perception and cognition in Korea and has accumulated research experience and attainments over a decade, we would be the best institution to conduct excellent qualitative research on this subject through collaboration with neuroscience.