Merleau-Ponty's concept of a subject evolves and develops. And on the basis of this, his ideas of others also evolve and develop. Merleau-Ponty's first analysis about the question of others is not out of the dichotomy of body and consciousness, anonym ...
Merleau-Ponty's concept of a subject evolves and develops. And on the basis of this, his ideas of others also evolve and develop. Merleau-Ponty's first analysis about the question of others is not out of the dichotomy of body and consciousness, anonymity and personality, psychological-physical subject and human being, nature and culture. At the level of the body, the anonymous psychological-physical subjects, me and others are mutual coexistence and communication. But at the level of the consciousness, the personal human beings, me and others have mutual antagonism and conflict. As above, Merleau-Ponty's first analysis about the question of others is not out of the dichotomy of body and consciousness. But, on the basis of researches into Saussure's linguistics, Merleau-Ponty's second idea of others evolves and develops. Me and others do not exist as real poles, but me and others are composed by relationship itself in the distinctive structure. Also, an intersubjectivity is based on the sensible, and on the basis of this, the seperation of anonymity and personality disappears. Latterly, Merleau-Ponty develops these ideas. The reflection of the body occurs in the intercorporeality and the body desires others and the world. After all, a ‘moral subject’ has been exposed as follows: the subject as the being to the world does not conflict with others. Merleau-Ponty emphasizes the example of shake hands. When we shake hands, we are not divided into subject(one who shakes hands) and object(one who receives a handshake), but we are reversible. At this time, the reversibility is always imminent, not completely realized. This means that me and others are mutual. The morality is not given, but we have to make the morality. To sum up, in Merleau-Ponty, a universal norms is a presumptive universality, not a given universality.