A Research of Ulleungdo Society during the Japanese Colonial Period.
The purpose of this Research is to examine the overall picture of Ulleungdo society during the Japanese colonial period. Documents that show Ulleungdo society in the Japanese col ...
A Research of Ulleungdo Society during the Japanese Colonial Period.
The purpose of this Research is to examine the overall picture of Ulleungdo society during the Japanese colonial period. Documents that show Ulleungdo society in the Japanese colonial period include geography and statistics of the Japanese Government-General of Korea, survey records of Ulleung-gun, newspapers and magazines, records of Ulleungdo residents, and Japanese records. However, until now, the overall picture of the colonial Ulleungdo society, which did not analyze all such materials, has never been revealed. Before 1910, Ulleungdo’s society was explained by geography, but in many cases it followed the geography of the predecessor scholar. The geography written by the predecessor is often based on the document rather than a record of investigating the field, so there are many errors. As Ulleungdo's fisheries resources began to attract attention, the geography of Ulleungdo gradually took on the character of a fishery geography and its contents became more concrete.
Japanese people came and went before Ulleungdo was pioneered, but since the pioneering Koreans came in and the number increased significantly, people in both countries often struggled. Moreover, the Korean Empire frequently conducted field surveys in 1899 and 1900 when Japanese people illegally brought resources to Japan illegally. In particular, in 1900, both Korea and Japan dispatched a joint survey team to investigate the people of the two countries living on Ulleungdo through a quality inquiry. The joint survey team grasped the fact that the island supervisor collected 2% tax on export cargo to Japanese. The Japanese survey team reported in detail the forest and area of Ulleungdo to the country, but reported that the prospects for seafood and timber were not bright.
In 1905, after Japan illegally incorporated Dokdo into Japan, the Japanese public-private inspection team and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs officials investigated Ulleungdo in earnest. These surveys revealed the fact that Japanese people exported Ulleungdo products to Japan by paying an export tax to the Uldo county governor. During 1904-1905, Ulleungdo's exports included Dokdo’s sea lions.
Around 1909, the Japanese had 224 families and a population of 768 people living on Ulleungdo. In 1907, the Japanese merchant association was abolished, and the “Japanese society” was organized to have about 450 members. Around July 1910, there were 4,900 Koreans population and about 209 Japanese families, but in 1913 there were 6900 Koreans population and 1230 Japanese people (2,000 people differ based on records).
In this way, Ulleungdo has been hatched since its development. And it was the newspaper that reported this hatching most quickly. Before 1900, the newspaper mainly reported on the settlement process of the pioneers, population movements, and the reports of the island inspector of the Japanese invasion. However, before and after the time of becoming Uldo-gun(county), the newspaper mainly reported on the lawsuits of the Dogam(Ulleungdo supervisor), the case of Japanese cargo and the withdrawal of the Japanese. The newspaper also reported on Ulleungdo's squid catch, ginseng cultivation, special crops, disaster situation, breeding equipment, traffic and communication issues in Ulleungdo. The newspaper published a special article introducing Ulleungdo multiple times, and since 1934 was a year of famine and snowstorm, there were many reports related to it. The demographic statistics reported by the newspapers may differ from the statistics of the Japanese Government-General of Korea. The magazine also wrote a statement of intellectuals from both countries introducing Ulleungdo, but in particular, a statement about the ancestry of Ahn yong-bok and the folklore and plants of Ulleungdo. In particular, the Japanese surveyed Ulleungdo's plants and cultures and tried to search for connections with Japan forcibly, or to use the logic that their ancestors were the same.
The best representation of the hatchery of Ulleungdo society during the Japanese colonial period is the statistical data published by the Japanese Government-General of Korea. Statistical data include population and cultivated area, fruit trees, special crops, catch, cattle, sericulture, crops, breeding equipment, public equipment and associations, current ship ownership, land status, route, sanitary conditions, Documents related to trade, commerce and industry, and various traps. Japanese Government-General of Korea described forest information, import/export status, fishery catches, number of enrolled students, as well as the number of livestock and it’s male and female status, as well as the number of worshipers in each sect.
Cattle were also active so that each housekeeper aimed to raise two cows. The main side job on Ulleungdo was sericulture. In the 1930s, laver culture was also practiced. In 1936 Ulleungdo had 1 doctor, 1 midwife, 2 acupuncturists, 8 Company selling medicine ingredients and 1 veterinarian. On Ulleungdo there were steamers that operated Busan and Ulleungdo, Ulleungdo and Sakaiminato 4-5 times a month.
The focus of this research is the history of Japan's invasion of Ulleungdo. Most statistics documents describe both demographic and administrative regimes. Ulleungdo's trade and commerce and industry were very childish at the time of its reclamation, but gradually the number of merchants left and middlemen were born.
In the fishery industry, squid products were sold by consignment sales by local fishermen's associations, exported to various places in Japan and China and transferred to Busan via Sakaiminato. The main marine products caught on Ulleungdo in the 1930s were mackerel and squid. The Korean government promulgated the fishery association rules in 1912 for the invasion of fishery resources on Ulleungdo. The fishermen's union led the invasion with the Japanese being the union head, directors and auditors. The Japanese dominated not only the administration of public machinery, but also the various common and industrial sites, leading the colonial policy.
The administrative documents recorded by the Japanese only gave statistics based on that perspective. And the statistics do not describe how the Koreans and Japanese are in production and distribution, and how the Japanese exploited resources and vitality from the Koreans. At that time, the public captain, traders, fishermen, and shipowners were all Japanese. We need to take this into consideration when looking at the oligopoly statistics. Despite these limitations, however, the oligopoly materials are meaningful in that they provide a glimpse of the Ulleungdo from the beginning of its development until its release.