This study seeks to investigate the exchange of tea utensils, which took place mainly in Tsushima and Busan Wakan(和館), through "Tsushima Soke Document(対馬宗家文書)"
The "Soke Document" is a first-class document that clarifies the actual situation of mo ...
This study seeks to investigate the exchange of tea utensils, which took place mainly in Tsushima and Busan Wakan(和館), through "Tsushima Soke Document(対馬宗家文書)"
The "Soke Document" is a first-class document that clarifies the actual situation of modern Joseon-Japan relations recorded by a Japanese recorder dispatched from Tsushima. Most of the content is the record of Tsushima clan affairs during the Edo Shogunate era, so it is an important document to know the actual situation of exchanges between Joseon and Japan in the early modern times.
Until now, research on Wakan and order-made bowls are mostly related to policy and management, and most of the approach about ceramics trade and potters were made by Joseon side. The Wakan is a place built in response to Japanese demands, and the order-made bowls are also ordered from Japan, so research on how they think in Japan has not yet reserched.
This paper focuses on "Shobo Okonomino Oyakimono Gochumon-Ryu(諸方御好之御焼物御注文榴)", "Ochawan-yakiirimecho(御茶碗燒入目帳)" and "Sindo-yakimono Mijirushi Hancho(新渡燒物御印判帳)" in "The Soke Document" and tries to study which routes and which vessels were ordered and who made them.
Also tried to find out the items, quantities, and costs related to them. In particular, since the orderer and the ordered items are recorded in detail in "Shobo Okonomino Oyakimono Gochumon-Ryu(諸方御好之御焼物御注文榴)", it can be said that it is the best material for examining the taste of tea utensils after 1718.
Therefore, this study considers the aspect of cultural exchange between Joseon and Japan based on the record of "Soke Document" and the taste of Koryo tea bowls and tea utensils during the Edo period. After the 18th century, the purpose of this research is to consider and master the exchange relationship between Joseon and Japan from the aspect of ordering tea utensils.
In the latter half of Joseon, trade with Japan demanded goods from the Japanese side to Joseon, and Joseon provided the space, physical and human support necessary for production. This situation took place in the limited areas of Tsushima and Busan, and became an important stage for Joseon-Japan trade.
In general, Japan imported complete products made in Joseon, meanwhile when making tea utensils in the Busan kiln, a sample picture was sent directly from Tsushima and the production was made in the Busan Wakan.
Joseon made an order by making full use of soil, firewood, and potters, and provided all of them to Japan. Like this formation, orders and supply method continued for about 70 years, mainly supplied from the Busan Wakan.
The Busan kiln is a kiln used by the Tsushima sect family, which was set up in the Busan Wakan built in 1639 by Tokugawa Iemitsu. Potters such as Michiji Miyagawa, Rinsai Oura, Genetsu Funabashi, Mosan Nakaniwa, and Yaheita Matsumura were dispatched from Tsushima to produce ceramics such as the Gohon Tatitsuru tea bowl that Iemitsu drew a sketch.
In 1717, Joseon made numerous works and sent them to the Soke until the kiln was closed, which also dedicated them to the shogunate and the daimyo. It was before the establishment of the tea ceremony that Japanese powers sought the specialty tea utensils, and the specialty tea utensils are not only tea utensils, but also a symbol of power and background. At that time, Japanese orderers were the rulers of the daimyo who were deeply involved with the Edo Shogunate.
A decoration with a dignity suitable for the style of daimyo tea was needed, and Joseon tea ware was ordered according to the taste of the daimyo and became a very popular item. The Tsushima feudal clan was in charge of all orders in Japan.
This study will consider three aspects, focusing on the records of related literature.
1. Investigate the record of the quantity of tea utensils ordered in the "Soke Document", using the "Bunruikizitaiko(分類紀事大綱)", "Ochawan-yakiirimecho(御茶碗燒入目帳)", and "Sindo-yakimono Mijirushi Hancho(新渡燒物御印判帳)" as materials.
The "Bunruikizitaiko(分類紀事大綱)" covers most of the communication between Korea and Japan, mainly in the letter between the Busan Wakan and the Tsushima Clan Office. It can be seen that a huge number of bowls were produced from the kiln at the Busan Wakan of Dumopo(豆毛浦) and Choryang(草粱), and brought into Japan.
The specific contents of the quantity related to this were considered mainly from the records in the "Ochawan-yakiirimecho(御茶碗燒入目帳)" and the "Sindo-yakimono Mijirushi Hancho(新渡燒物御印判帳)". The "Ochawan-yakiirimecho(御茶碗燒入目帳)" is a list of various items, uses, and costs, and various cost items are recorded in detail, and we can see the scene of the Busan kiln. And, in 1681, "Sindo-yakimono Mijirushi Hancho(新渡燒物御印判帳)" is an inventory survey book of tea bowls in the warehouse of Soke. In addition, the number of swordsmen dispatched from Tsushima to Busan kiln and the quantity by type are also recorded.
2. The order form will be considered in the "Soke Documents", focusing on the "0aturaemonohikae(御誂物控)" which was held in "Tsushima History Museum's" and the "Shobo Okonomino Oyakimono Gochumon-Ryu(諸方御好之御焼物御注文榴)" which was held in Korean National History Compilation Committee's.
I organized the shapes that appear in the purchase order, the changes in the orderers and the ordered items, the types and standards of the patterns and glazes, and compared and considered the preferred designs and tastes in each document.
"Oaturaemonohikae(御誂物控)" is a book record from 1701 to 1708. This document is in the latter half of the Busan kiln, and we can see the contents and the actual situation by the order from the Japanese region and central authorities. At first, they mainly ordered bowls, but gradually they ordered various items such as flower bowls, incense burners, water fingers, and wind furnaces.
I could see the aspect of ordering after 1718 in the literature of "Shobo Okonomino Oyakimono Gochumon-Ryu(諸方御好之御焼物御注文榴)". large number of items are recorded from "Oaturaemonohikae(御誂物控)", and the requests of the orderers are recorded separately, and the tastes and tastes of the orderers are organized in detail.
3. I also investigated the orderers, shogunate and daimyo, priests, wealthy merchants, and painters recorded in "Shobo Okonomino Oyakimono Gochumon-Ryu(諸方御好之御焼物御注文榴)", and considered the clan (pottery head) dispatched from Tsushima.
They are important figures in the trade of tea utensils, in the meantime, they are not often mentioned in existing studies. This study also extended to them.
The contents and results of this study can be summarized as follows.
1. I considered the contents of the tea utensils order form, which is the subject of this research, "Oaturaemonohikae(御誂物控)" and "Shobo Okonomino Oyakimono Gochumon-Ryu(諸方御好之御焼物御注文榴)", the tastes of the orderers, and the characteristics of "Gohon-chawan(御本茶碗)".
"Gohon(御本)" means "model" and is a general term for pottery made by receiving a cut shape of a picture book. In the "Oaturaemonohikae(御誂物控)", the bowl is specifically ordered, and the colors and dimensions are explained in detail according to the taste of the orderer. In this study, it can be said that the investigation of the types and characteristics of the Gohon tea bowl, which we paid special attention to, is very useful information.
I also investigated the situation related to the Busan Wakan and Tsushima and the orderers of the Busan kiln era (1640-1720). The works of the Busan kiln era are divided into the main pottery and the ready-made products, and the ready-made products can be divided into the works of Tsushima potters and the works of Korean potters. It can be said that it was a great harvest to understand the exchange aspect of Joseon-Japan relations during the Edo period through various situations related to the Busan Wakan and consideration of the orderers.
2. I considered the potters dispatched to Busan Wakan to produce custom tea utensils from Tsushima. After Tadashi Hashikura was dispatched to the Busan Wakan for the first time as a Japanese potter in 1644, Yoshizo Nakayama, Genetsu Funabashi, Shigezo Abiru, Yahei Matsumura, etc. were dispatched as head potters. Some of them were repeatedly dispatched. At first, they made order-made items with Korean potters, but gradually they became in charge of the operation and management of the Busan Wakan.
3. I considered the aesthetic sense pursued by the Japanese. In the Japanese tea ceremony, the tea ceremony is not just a place to drink tea, but a place to embody a sense of beauty. In the early days when the Koryo tea bowl was accepted, it was a bowl selected from Korean as a usual utensils, so it was not strong and had a natural beauty, but when it was ordered from the Busan kiln, it had individuality and various forms. There are features that emphasize the design. I hope that the interesting aesthetic sense of the early Edo period will be useful for future research and lecture of Japanese culture.