In this study we investigate and evaluate authority as a philosophical problem in the time of the loss of authority, related to the postmodern situations, and then try to find what conditions of authentic authority is. For this we have focused on the ...
In this study we investigate and evaluate authority as a philosophical problem in the time of the loss of authority, related to the postmodern situations, and then try to find what conditions of authentic authority is. For this we have focused on the various core problems and thema in connection with circumstances of our actual realities. They run as follows. 1. Tradition and Authority as the Problem of Deconstruction und Rehabilitation der Tradition in Nietzsche, 2. On the Legitimate Authority and Civil Disobedience, 3. Autholity in Science and Autholity as Anti-science, 4. The Limit of Transmission and the Overcoming Tradition in Modern Art, 5. The Authority of Text-Interpretation by the example of Gadamer.
We come to the following tantative conclusions. In order to recognize the real significations of authority and rehabilitate its proper roles, we should take into consideration the next points.
First, if we can interpretate Nietzsche from another eye, he did not deconstruct an authority in saying God's death, but try to rectify the false authority. Accordingly, it seems to Nietzsche that we can build up an hierarchy through the cultural community in which is performed Noblesse Oblige as a virtue of Aristocracy, through which is dissolved Ressentiment between classes.
Second, Rawls' civil disobedience. Rawls confines civil disobedience which can be justified only to obvious and clear cases of substantial injustice. But he is too optimistic in this point. For a minority, even though it has the liberty to vote, freedom of speech, etc., may be outvoted and economically and socially exploited by a majority for long periods over issues such as income, housing, and education. So civil disobedience may be needed as a safeguard even when the injustices are not clear and obvious.
Third, Deteriorated and scientific authority must be overcome. In order to get over this kind of problem, it should be divided the authority into science, non-science and anti-science in the first place. The ground that can make its border line is come out of the fact that ‘the thing outside of science’ can not substitute from ‘the science in itself.’ The aim of this thesis also focuses on the boundary prepared here to resist about the outside authority.
Fourth, in a point of view of the philosophy of art, it can be said that the plurality of postmodernism which diverted tradition in order to interpretate newly the works of art in another angle, overcomed the limit of the modernism. Therefore authority of tradition is just as it was in a field of art.
Fifth, In order to affirm the authority without its suppressing character, and understand it newly, the authority should be understood from the authenticity of the Being, not from the hierarchy of the knowledge possession. This is called the acknowledgment of the of the own existence.